A) ACCOUNTING CONVENTION
The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the
accounting principles generally accepted in India (Indian GAAP) and
comply with the Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules,2006 issued by
the Central Government and relevant provisions of Companies Act,1956
and are based on the historical cost convention.
B) USE OF ESTIMATES
Preparation of financial statements in conformity with the generally
accepted accounting principles require management to make estimates and
assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities
on the date of the financial statements and the reported amount of
revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Difference between
the actual result and estimates, are recognised in the period in which
the results are known/materialised.
C) REVENUE RECOGNITION
i) SALES
a) Revenue is recognized when it is earned and no significant
uncertainty exists as to its realization or collection. Revenue from
sale of goods is recognized on delivery of the products, when all
significant contractual obligations have been satisfied , the property
in the goods is transferred for a price , significant risks and rewards
of ownership are transferred to the customers and no effective
ownership is retained.
b) Sales is inclusive of excise, export incentives/licenses, profit or
loss on forward exchange contracts on sales and exclusive of VAT/ sales
tax and trade discount.
c) Excise duty paid for captive consumption of goods, where cenvat
credit is not available, is shown as excise expense.
ii) DIVIDEND INCOME
Dividend income from Investment is accounted for when the right to
receive is established. iii) EXPORT BENEFITS/INCENTIVES
The benefits are accounted on the accrual basis.
D) FIXED ASSETS, DEPRECIATION AND EXPENDITURE DURING CONSTRUCTION
PERIOD
i) Fixed assets are stated at cost of acquisition & installation, net
of cenvat and VAT credits availed, if any, less accumulated
depreciation and impairment loss, if any. Borrowing costs incurred
during the period of Construction/acquisition of assets is added to the
cost of Fixed Assets. Major expenses on modification /alterations
increasing efficiency/capacity of the plant are also capitalised.
ii) a) Depreciation on fixed assets is provided on Straight Line Method
at the rates and in the manner prescribed in Schedule XIV of the
Companies Act 1956, (as amended).
b) Incremental cost arising on account of translation of foreign
currency liabilities up to 31.03.2007 for acquisition of fixed assets,
depreciation has been provided over the residual life of the respective
assets.
c) In respect of major alterations/modifications forming an integral
part of existing assets, depreciation is provided at the rate arrived
on the basis of useful life of such assets after such
alterations/modifications or at the rate prescribed under Schedule XIV,
whichever is higher on the total value of such assets.
iii) Impairment of Assets
The carrying amount of assets is reviewed at each Balance Sheet date
for any indication of impairment based on internal/external factors.
An impairment loss is recognised wherever the carrying amount of fixed
assets exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is
measured as the higher of the net selling price and the value in use
determined by the present value of estimated future cash flows.
E) INVESTMENTS
Investments are classified into current and long term investments. Long
term investments are carried at cost. A provision for diminution in
value of long term investments is made for each investment
individually, if such decline is other than temporary. Current
investments are stated at the lower of cost and fair value , computed
categorywise.
F) INVENTORIES
Inventories are valued as under:
i) RAW MATERIALS, PACKING
MATERIALS AND STORES& SPARES.
Valued at lower of cost or net realizable value and for this purpose
cost is determined on weighted average basis. Due provision for
obsolescence is made.
ii) FINISHED GOODS & WORK IN PROGRESS
At cost or net realisable value, whichever is lower. Cost is determined
on absorption basis. Due provision for obsolescence is made.
iii) By Products At net realisable value
G) EMPLOYEE BENEFITS
a) Short Term Employee Benefits
All employee benefits payable wholly within twelve months of rendering
the service are classified as short term employee benefits. Benefits
such as salaries, wages, short term compensated absences etc., and the
expected cost of bonus, ex-gratia are recognised in the period in which
the employee renders the related service.
b) Post-Employment Benefits
(i) Defined Contribution Plans
State governed provident fund scheme and employees state insurance
scheme are defined contribution plans. The contribution paid / payable
under the schemes is recognised during the period in which the
employees renders the related services.
(ii) Defined Benefit Plans
The employee''s gratuity fund scheme and compensated absences is
Company''s defined benefit plans.
The present value of the obligation under such defined benefit plan is
determined based on actuarial valuation using the Projected Unit Credit
Method, which recognises each period of service as giving rise to
additional unit of employee benefits entitlement and measures each unit
separately to build up the final obligation.
The obligation is measured at the present value of the estimated future
cash flows. The discount rates used for determining the present value
of the obligation under defined benefit plans, is based on the market
yields on Government Securities as at the Balance Sheet date, having
maturity periods approximating to the terms of related obligations.
Actuarial gains and losses are recognised immediately in the Profit and
Loss account.
In case of funded plans, the fair value of the plan assets is reduced
from the gross obligations under the defined benefit plans, to
recognise the obligation on net basis.
Gains or losses on the curtailment or settlement of any defined
benefits plans are recognised when the curtailment or settlement
occurs. Past service cost is recognised as expense on a straight-line
basis over the average period until the benefits become vested. c)
Long term employee benefits
The obligation for long term employee benefits such as long term
compensated absences, is recognised in the same manner as in case of
defined benefit plans as mentioned in b) (ii) above.
H) BORROWING COSTS
Borrowing costs whether specific or general, utilized for acquisition,
construction or production of qualifying assets are capitalised as part
of cost of such assets till the activities necessary for its intended
use are complete. General borrowing costs are capitalised at the
weighted average of such borrowings outstanding during the year. All
other borrowing costs are charged in statement of Profit & Loss of the
year in which incurred.
I) TAXES ON INCOME
Current tax is determined as the amount of tax payable in respect of
taxable income for the year. Deferred tax is recognised, on timing
difference, being the difference between taxable income and accounting
income that originate in one period and are capable of reversal in one
or more subsequent periods. Where there is unabsorbed depreciation or
carry forward losses, deferred tax assets are recognised only if there
is virtual certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be
available against which such assets can be realised. Other deferred tax
assets are recognised only to the extent there is reasonable certainty
of realisation in future. Such assets are reviewed at each Balance
Sheet date to reassess realisation.
J) FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS
i) Transactions denominated in foreign currencies are normally recorded
at the exchange rate prevailing at the time of the transaction.
ii) Monetary items denominated in foreign currency at the year end are
translated at the exchange rates prevailing at the Balance Sheet date.
iii) Premium or discount arising at the inception of the forward
exchange contract is amortised as income or expense over the period of
the contract. Any profit or loss arising in renewal or cancellation of
forward exchange contracts is recognised as income or expense during
the year.
iv) Any income or expense on account of exchange difference either on
settlement or on translation is recognised in the Profit and Loss
Account.
K) DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGE ACCOUNTING
The Company uses foreign currency contracts and currency options to
hedge its risks associated with foreign currency fluctuations relating
to certain firm commitments and highly probable forecast transactions.
The Company does not hold derivative financial instruments for
speculative purposes. The Company has applied to such contracts the
principles of recognition set out in the Accounting Standard (AS 30) on
‘Financial Instruments - Recognition and Measurement''. Changes in the
fair value of the contracts that are designated and effective as
cashflow hedge is directly recorded in the Hedge Reserve Account and is
recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the same period or
periods during which the hedged transaction affects profit and loss.
Gains or losses on the ineffective transactions are recognized
immediately in the Profit and Loss Account.
L) PROVISIONS, CONTINGENT LIABILITIES AND CONTINGENT ASSETS
Provisions are recognised when the company has present obligation as a
result of past events, for which it is probable that an outflow of
resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the
obligation and a reliable estimate can be made for the amount of the
obligation.
Contingent Liabilities are disclosed by way of notes to financial
statements.
Contingent Assets are neither recognised nor disclosed in the financial
statements.
Provisions and contingent liabilities are reviewed at each Balance
Sheet date.
M) CONTINGENCIES AND EVENTS OCCURRING AFTER THE BALANCE SHEET DATE
All contingencies and events occurring after the Balance Sheet date
which have a material effect on the financial position of the Company
are considered for preparing the financial statements.
N) RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT EXPENSES
Expenditure relating to capital items is debited to Fixed Assets and
depreciated at applicable rates. Revenue expenditure is charged to
Profit and Loss Account of the period in which they are incurred.
O) GOVERNMENT GRANTS
i) The grants/subsidies received in the nature of promoters''
contribution are treated as capital receipts and credited to Capital
Reserve.
ii) The grants /subsidies relating to specific fixed assets are shown
as deduction from the cost of the respective assets concerned in
arriving at its book value.
iii) Grant in the form of revenue subsidy is treated as revenue receipt
and credited to ‘Other Income'' in Profit and Loss Account.
P) EXCISE DUTY
Finished Goods lying at factories have been valued at inclusive of
Excise Duty. The claim of Cenvat for Excise Duty paid on inputs is
accounted on the basis of claim. The Cenvat claim for Excise paid on
capital goods is accounted when the claim is allowed.
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