a) Basis of preparation of financial statements
The financial statements have been prepared to comply in all material
respects in respects with the notified accounting standards under
Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules (as amended), 2006 and the
relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956. The financial
statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention on
an accrual basis except in case of assets for which provision for
impairment is made and revaluation is carried out. The accounting
policies have been consistently applied by the Company and are
consistent with those used in the previous year.
b) Use of estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates
and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and
liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the
financial statements and the results of operations during the reporting
period. Although these estimates are based upon management''s best
knowledge of current events and actions, actual results could differ
from these estimates.
c ) Revenue recognition
Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the
economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be
reliably measured.
Revenue from sale of goods is recognized when significant risks and
rewards of ownership of the goods are transferred to the customer.
Export incentives are recognized on accrual basis in accordance with
the applicable schemes formulated, by the Government of India.
Revenues from job work contract are recognized as and when services are
rendered.
Dividend income on investments is accounted when the right to receive
the dividend is established.
Interest income is recognized on a time proportion basis taking into
account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable.
Insurance / other claims are recognized on acceptance basis.
d ) Hedge accounting
The Company is exposed to foreign currency fluctuations on foreign
currency assets, liabilities and forecasted cash flows denominated in
foreign currencies. The Company limits the effects of foreign exchange
rate fluctuations by following established risk management policies
including the use of forward cover derivatives. The Company enters into
derivative contract for sale of US dollars, GBP and Euros, where the
counterparty is a bank.
The Company has adopted principles of hedge accounting as set out in
Accounting Standard (AS) 30,Financial Instruments: Recognition and
Measurement, to the extent that the adoption does not conflict with
existing accounting standards and other authoritative pronouncements of
Company Law and other regulatory requirements.
Based on the recognition and measurement principles of hedge accounting
set out in AS 30, changes in the fair values of derivative financial
instruments designated as cash flow hedges are recognized directly in
reserves/ equity and are reclassified to the profit and loss account
upon the occurrence of the hedged transaction. Changes in fair value
relating to derivatives not designated as hedges are recognized in the
profit and loss account.
e ) Fixed assets and depreciation/ amortization (tangible and
intangible)
Fixed assets are stated at cost of acquisition/construction less
accumulated depreciation and impairment losses if any, net of grants
received, where applicable and subsequent improvements thereto
including taxes, duties, freight and other incidental expenses related
to acquisition/construction.
Depreciation is provided using the written down value method as per the
useful lives of the assets estimated by the management, or at the rates
prescribed under Schedule XIV of the Companies Act, 1956 whichever is
higher.
Assets individually costing Rs. 5,000 or less are fully depreciated in
the year of addition. Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the
primary lease period or useful life, whichever is lower. Process
improvement costs capitalized as intangible assets are amortized over
three years.
f) Borrowing Costs
Borrowing costs attributable to acquisition and construction of
qualifying assets are capitalized as a part of the cost of such asset.
Other borrowing costs are charged to Profit and Loss Account.
g ) Impairment of assets
At each Balance Sheet date, the Company assesses whether there is any
indication that an asset may be impaired. If any such indication
exists, the Company estimates the recoverable amount. If the carrying
amount of the asset exceeds its recoverable amount, an impairment loss
is recognized in the Profit and Loss Account to the extent the carrying
amount exceeds the recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the
greater of the asset''s net selling price and value in use. In assessing
value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their
present value at the weighted average cost of capital. After
impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of
the asset over its remaining useful life.
h) Inventories
Raw materials, packing materials, stores, spares and consumables are
valued at lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost is determined on
a weighted average basis. However, materials and other items held for
use in the production of inventories are not written down below cost if
the finished products in which they will be incorporated are expected
to be sold at or above cost.
Finished goods and work in progress are valued at lower of cost and net
realisable value after considering provision for obsolescence and other
anticipated loss, wherever considered necessary. Finished goods and
work in progress includes cost of conversion and other production
overheads. Cost is determined on a weighted average basis. Cost of
finished goods includes excise duty.
Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary
course of business, less estimated costs of completion and estimated
costs necessary to make the sale.
i) Foreign currency transactions
(i) Initial Recognition
Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting currency,
by applying to the foreign currency amount the exchange rate between
the reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the
transaction.
(ii) Conversion
Foreign currency monetary items are reported using the closing rate.
Non-monetary items which are carried in terms of historical cost
denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate
at the date of the transaction; and non-monetary items which are
carried at fair value or other similar valuation denominated in a
foreign currency are reported using the exchange rates that existed
when the values were determined.
(iii) Exchange Differences
Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on
reporting monetary items of Company at rates different from those at
which they were initially recorded during the year, or reported in
previous financial statements, are recognised as income or as expenses
in the year in which they arise.
j) Government Grants
Grants and subsidies from the government are recognized when there is
reasonable assurance that the grant/ subsidy will be received and all
attaching conditions will be complied with.
When the grant or subsidy relates to an expense item, it is netted off
with the relevant expense. Where the grant or subsidy relates to an
asset, its value is deducted in arriving at the carrying amount of the
related asset.
k) Investments
Investments that are readily realizable and intended to be held for not
more than a year are classified as current investments. All other
investments are classified as long-term investments. Current
investments are carried at lower of cost and fair value determined on
an individual investment basis. Long-term investments are carried at
cost. However, provision for diminution in value is made to recognize a
decline other than temporary in the value of the investments.
l) Retirement and Other Employee Benefits
Defined Contribution Plans:
Contributions to Provident Fund are made at pre-determined rates and
charged to the Profit & Loss Account. The Company''s liability is
limited to the extent of contributions made.
Defined Benefit Plans:
Gratuity liability is accrued in the books based on actuarial valuation
on projected unit credit method as at Balance Sheet date. Actuarial
gains or losses are immediately taken to Profit and Loss Account and
are not deferred.
Other Employee Benefits:
Compensated absences are provided for, on the basis of an actuarial
valuation on projected unit credit method at the end of each financial
year. Actuarial gains or losses are immediately taken to Profit and
Loss Account and are not deferred.
m) Taxation
Tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. Current income tax is
measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in
accordance with the Income-tax Act, 1961. Deferred income taxes
reflects the impact of current year timing differences between taxable
income and accounting income for the year and reversal of timing
differences of earlier years.
Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws
enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date. Deferred
tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset, if a legally
enforceable right exists to set off current tax assets against current
tax liabilities and the deferred tax assets and deferred tax
liabilities relate to the taxes on income levied by same governing
taxation laws. Deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent
that there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable
income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be
realised. In situations where the Company has unabsorbed depreciation
or carry forward tax losses, deferred tax asset is recognised only to
the extent that it has timing differences the reversal of which will
result in sufficient income or there is other convincing evidence that
sufficient taxable income will be available against which such deferred
tax assets can be realised.
At each balance sheet date the Company re-assesses unrecognised
deferred tax assets. It recognises deferred tax assets to the extent
that it has become reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case
may be that sufficient future taxable income will be available against
which such deferred tax assets can be realised.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each balance
sheet date. The Company writes- down the carrying amount of a deferred
tax asset to the extent that it is no longer reasonably certain or
virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable
income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be
realised.
MAT credit is recognised as an asset only when and to the extent there
is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax
during the specified period. In the year in which the Minimum
Alternative tax (MAT) credit becomes eligible to be recognized as an
asset in accordance with the recommendations contained in Guidance Note
issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, the said
asset is created by way of a credit to the profit and loss account and
shown as MAT Credit Entitlement. The Company reviews the same at each
balance sheet date and writes down the carrying amount of MAT Credit
Entitlement to the extent there is no longer convincing evidence to the
effect that Company will pay normal Income Ta x during the specified
period.
n) Accounting for leases
Leases where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks
and benefits of ownership of the leased term, are classified as
operating leases. Operating lease payments are recognized as an expense
in the Profit and Loss account on a straight-line basis over the lease
term.
o) Provisions
A provision is recognised when an enterprise has a present obligation
as a result of past event; it is probable that an outflow of resources
will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of which a
reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are not discounted to its
present value and are determined based on best estimate required to
settle the obligation at the balance sheet date. These are reviewed at
each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best
estimates.
p) Segment Reporting Policies
Identification of segments:
The Company''s operating businesses are organized and managed separately
according to the nature of products and services provided, with each
segment representing a strategic business unit that offers different
products and serves different markets. The analysis of geographical
segments is based on the areas in which major operating divisions of
the Company operate.
Basis of allocation:
Assets, liabilities, income and expenditure are allocated to each
segment according to the relative contribution of each segment to the
total amount. Unallocated items include general corporate items which
are not allocated to any segment.
Segment Policies:
The Company prepares its segment information in conformity with the
accounting policies adopted for preparing and presenting the financial
statements of the Company as a whole.
q) Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or
loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders (after
deducting preference dividends and attributable taxes) by the weighted
average number of equity shares outstanding during the period. Partly
paid equity shares are treated as a fraction of an equity share to the
extent that they were entitled to participate in dividends relative to
a fully paid equity share during the reporting period. The weighted
average number of equity shares outstanding during the period is
adjusted for events of bonus issue; bonus element in a rights issue to
existing shareholders; share split; and reverse share split
(consolidation of shares).
For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net
profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders and
the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period are
adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
r) Cash and Cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents in the balance sheet comprise cash at bank
and in hand and short-term investments with an original maturity of
three months or less.
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