a) Basis of Accounting:
The financial statements have been prepared on accrual basis under the
historical cost convention, in conformity in all material aspects with
the generally accepted accounting principles in India, the Accounting
Standards as prescribed by the Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules,
2006.
b) Use of Estimates:
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates
and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and
liabilities on the date of the financial statements and the reported
amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual
results could differ from those estimates. Differences between the
actual results and estimates are recognised in the period in which the
results are known/materialised.
c) Fixed Assets and Depreciation:
Fixed Assets are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Cost
includes all expenses related to acquisition and installation of the
concerned assets and any attributable cost of bringing the asset to the
condition of its intended use.
Direct financing cost incurred during the construction period on major
projects is also capitalised.
Depreciation is provided under the straight line method, based on
useful lives of assets as estimated by the Management or at the rates
prescribed in Schedule VI to the Companies Act, 1956, whichever is
higher. Depreciation is charged on a monthly pro-rata basis for assets
purchased/ sold during the year. Individual assets acquired for less
than Rs. 5,000/- are entirely depreciated in the year of acquisition.
Leasehold assets are amortised over the period of the lease. The
Management''s estimate of useful lives for various fixed assets is as
under:
d) Leases:
Lease arrangements where the risks and rewards incident to ownership of
an asset substantially vest with the lessor, are recognised as
operating leases. Lease rentals under operating leases are recognised
in the profit and loss account on straight line basis.
e) Asset Impairment:
Management periodically assesses using, external and internal sources,
whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. An
impairment occurs where the carrying value exceeds the present value of
future cash flows expected to arise from the continuing use of the
asset and its eventual disposal. The impairment loss to be expensed is
determined as the excess of the carrying amount over the higher of the
asset''s net sales price or present value as determined above.
f) Investments:
Long-term investments are carried at cost. Provision for diminution,
if any, in the value of each long term investment is made to recognise
a decline, other than that of a temporary nature.
Current investments intended to be held for less than one year are
stated at the lower of cost and market value.
g) Foreign Exchange Transactions:
Transactions in foreign currency are recorded at the exchange rates
prevailing on the date of the transaction. Monetary assets and
liabilities related to foreign currency transactions, remaining
unsettled at the year end, are stated at the contracted rates when
covered under forward foreign exchange contracts and at year end rates
in other cases. Non-Monetary foreign currency items like investments in
foreign subsidiaries are carried
at cost and expressed in Indian currency at the rate of exchange
prevailing at the time of making the original investment.
h) Derivative Instruments and Hedge Accounting:
The Company uses foreign currency forward contracts to hedge its risk
associated with foreign currency fluctuations relating to certain firm
commitments and highly probable forecast transactions. The Company
designates these as Cash Flow Hedges.
The use of foreign currency forward contracts is governed by the
Company''s policies approved by the Board of Directors, which provide
written principles on the use of such forward contracts consistent with
the Company''s risk management strategy. The Company does not use
derivative financial instruments for speculation purpose.
Foreign currency forward contracts are initially measured at fair value
and are remeasured at subsequent reporting dates. Changes in the fair
value of these derivatives that are designated and effective as hedges
of the future cash flows are recognized directly under Shareholder''s
Funds in the Cash Flow Hedging Reserve and the ineffective portion is
recognised immediately in the Profit and Loss Account.
Changes in the fair value of derivative financial instruments that do
not qualify for hedge accounting are recognised in the profit and loss
account as they arise.
Hedge accounting is discontinued when the hedging instrument expires or
is sold, terminated, exercised, or no longer qualifies for hedge
accounting. At that time for forecasted transactions, any cumulative
gain or loss on the hedging instruments recognized in the Cash Flow
Hedging Reserve is retained there until the forecasted transaction
occurs. If a hedge transaction is no longer expected to occur, the net
cumulative gain or loss recognized in the Cash Flow Hedging Reserve is
transferred to profit and loss account for the year.
i) Revenue Recognition:
Revenue is recognised to the extent that it is probable that the
economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be
reliably measured.
Services:
Revenue from time and material contracts for software development is
recognised on a per hour basis as per the terms and conditions agreed
with the customers or on completion of contracts or when the
deliverables are dispatched to customers. In case of fixed price
contracts, which are generally time bound, revenue is recognised over
the life of the contract using proportionate completion method, on the
basis of work completed. Foreseeable losses on such contracts are
recognised when probable.
Unbilled Revenues included in loans and advances represents costs in
excess of billings as at the balance sheet dates. Advance Billing and
Deferred Revenue included in current liabilities represents billing in
excess of revenue recognised.
Products:
Revenue from sale of traded software products is recognised when the
software has been delivered, in accordance with sales contract. Revenue
from software upgradation fees on software developed by the Company is
recognised over the period for which it is received.
Others:
Interest income is recognised on time proportion basis. Dividend income
is recognised when the right to receive the payment is established.
j) Borrowing Costs:
Borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition of an
asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready
for its intended use are capitalised as part of the cost of that asset
till the date it is put to use. Other borrowing costs are recognised as
an expense in the period in which they are incurred.
k) Research and Development Expenditure:
Expenditure on in-house development of software is charged to the
profit and loss account in the year in which it is incurred.
I) Software Expenditure:
(i) Software purchased is capitalised and written off over its useful
life, which is normally three years, provided the software is regularly
updated through a maintenance contract, failing which, the unamortised
balance is charged to revenue. If the usage of software is
discontinued, its unamortised cost is also charged to revenue.
(ii) The cost of software purchased for specific software development
contracts is charged over the period of such contracts, or three years,
whichever is less.
(iii) Small-value software purchases costing between Rs. 5,000 and Rs.
50,000, other than software categorised as ''Standard Software
Development Tools'', is written off as and when incurred. Software
categorised as ''Standard Software Development Tools'' is capitalised and
depreciated over a period of three years.
(iv) Software costing below Rs. 5,000 is written off as and when the
cost is incurred.
m) Employee Stock Option Schemes:
Stock Options granted to employees are in accordance with the SEBI
(Employee Stock Option Scheme and Employee Stock Purchase Scheme)
Guidelines, 1999 and are at market price calculated under the said
Guidelines. The intrinsic value, being the difference, if any, between
market price and exercise price is treated as Personnel Expenses and
charged to Profit and Loss Account. The value of the options is treated
as a part of employee compensation in the financial statements and is
amortised over the vesting period.
n) Warranty Obligations:
In respect of products sold by the Company, which carry a specified
warranty, future costs that will be incurred by the Company in carrying
out its obligations are estimated and accounted for on accrual basis.
o) Income tax:
Current income tax expense comprises taxes on income from operations in
India and in foreign jurisdictions. Income tax payable in India is
determined in accordance with the provisions of the Income Tax Act,
1961. Tax expense relating to foreign operations is determined in
accordance with tax laws applicable in countries where such operations
are domiciled.
Minimum alternative tax (MAT) paid in accordance to the tax laws, which
gives rise to future economic benefits in the form of adjustment of
future income tax liability, is considered as an asset if there is
convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax after
the tax holiday period. Accordingly, MAT is recognised as an asset in
the balance sheet when it is probable that the future economic benefit
associated with it will flow to the Company and the asset can be
measured reliably.
Deferred tax expense or benefit is recognised on timing differences
being the difference between taxable income and accounting income that
originate in one period and are capable of reversal in one or more
subsequent periods. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured
using the tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted or
substantively enacted by the balance sheet date.
In the event of unabsorbed depreciation and carry forward of losses,
deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that there is
virtual certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be
available to realise such assets. In other situations, deferred tax
assets are recognised only to the extent that there is reasonable
certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available to
realise these assets.
Advance taxes and provisions for current income taxes are presented in
the balance sheet after off-setting advance taxes paid and income tax
provisions arising in the same tax jurisdiction and the Company intends
to settle the asset and liability on a net basis.
The Company offsets deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities if
it has a legally enforceable right and these relate to taxes on income
levied by the same governing taxation laws.
p) Segment Reporting:
As per AS-17 Segment Reporting if a single financial report contains
both consolidated financial statements and the separate financial
statement of the parent, segment information need be presented only on
the basis of the consolidated financial statements. Accordingly
information required to be presented under AS-17 Segment Reporting has
been given in the consolidated financial statements.
q) Employee Benefits:
i. Short-term Employee benefits:
All employee benefits payable wholly within twelve months of rendering
the service are classified as short-term employee benefits. Benefits
such as salaries, performance incentives, leave encashment etc., are
recognised as an expense at the undiscounted amount in the Profit and
Loss Account of the year in which the employee renders the related
service.
ii. Post Employment benefits:
a) Defined Contribution Plans:
Payments made to defined contribution plans such as Provident Fund and
Superannuation are charged as an expense in the Profit and Loss Account
as they fall due.
b) Defined Benefit Plans:
The Company has maintained a Group Gratuity Cum Life Assurance Scheme
through a Master Policy with the Life Insurance Corporation of India
towards which annual premiums as determined by actuarial valuation are
paid and charged against revenue. Under the Gratuity plan, every
employee is entitled to the benefit equivalent to fifteen days final
salary last drawn for each completed year of service depending on the
date of joining. The same is payable on termination of services or
retirement whichever is earlier. The benefit vests after five years of
continuous services.
r) Provision, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets:
A provision is recognised when the Company has a present obligation as
a result of past event and it is probable that an outflow of resources
embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation
in respect of which a reliable estimate of the amount of the obligation
can be made.
Provisions are not discounted to its present value and are determined
based on current best estimate. Contingent liabilities are not
recognised in the financial statements.
Contingent Assets are not recognised nor disclosed in the financial
statements.
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