1. Basis of preparation
The financial statements have been prepared to comply in all material
respects with the Notified Accounting Standard by Companies Accounting
Standards Rules, 2006 and the accounting of the effects for the Scheme
has been done in accordance with the terms of the Scheme as approved by
the High Court and the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956
(''the Act''). The financial statements have been prepared under the
historical cost convention on an accrual basis, except for dividend
from mutual fund units recognised on receipt basis and valuation of
unquoted units of mutual funds at net asset value, which is in
accordance with Non-Banking Financial (Non-deposit accepting or
holding) Companies Prudential Norms (Reserve Bank) Direction 2007
(''NBFC Regulation''). The accounting policies have been consistently
applied by the Company and are consistent with those used in the
previous year.
2. Use of estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates
and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and
liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the
financial statements and the results of operations during the
reporting period end. Although these estimates are based upon
management''s best knowledge of current events and actions, actual
results could differ from these estimates.
3. Fixed assets and Depreciation
Tangible Assets
Fixed assets are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and
impairment losses, if any. Cost comprises the purchase price and any
other directly attributable costs of bringing the asset to its working
condition for its intended use.
Leasehold improvements are depreciated on straight line basis over
shorter of useful lives or primary period of lease agreements of 5
years.
Intangible Assets
Intangible assets include domain names, trademarks, copyrights and
computer software, which are acquired, capitalized and amortized on a
straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of 5 years.
Depreciation
Depreciation is provided using Straight Line Method at the rates
prescribed under Schedule XIV of the Companies Act, 1956.
Tangible assets and intangible assets costing Rs 5,000 or less
individually are fully depreciated / amortized in the year of purchase.
Impairment
The carrying amounts of assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date
if there is any indication of impairment based on internal/external
factors. An impairment loss is recognized wherever the carrying amount
of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is
the greater of the assets net selling price and value in use. In
assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted
at the pre tax discount rate reflecting current market assessment of
time value of money and risks specific to asset.
After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying
amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.
A previously recognised impairment loss is increased or reversed
depending on changes in circumstances. However the carrying value after
reversal is not increased beyond the carrying value that would have
prevailed by charging usual depreciation if there was no impairment.
4. Revenue recognition
Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the
economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be
reliably measured.
Interest income
Interest income is recognised on the time proportionate basis.
In case of non performing assets interest income is recognised on
receipt basis as per NBFC Prudential norms.
Interest income on retail loans
Income from retail finance operations is accounted for by applying the
Internal Rate of Return (IRR), implicit in the agreement on the
diminishing balance of the financed amount, so as to provide a
constant periodic rate of return on the net investment outstanding on
the agreements.
Interest on retail portfolio buyout is recognised on accrual basis at
agreed rate of interest on diminishing balance of outstanding loan.
In case of non performing assets interest income is recognised on
receipt basis as per NBFC prudential norms.
Pre EMI interest received from customers is recognised as income on
accrual basis.
Income on discounted instruments
Income on discounted instruments is recognised over the tenor of the
instrument on straight line basis.
Interest income on discounted instruments is recognised on a time
proportion accrual basis.
Upfront fees on loans
Upfront fees on loans are recognised as and when they are due.
Processing fees, Subvention income (net of service tax)on retail loans
Processing fees received from customers and Subvention income received
from manufacturers and dealers is recognised as income over the tenor
of the loan agreements. The unamortized balance is being disclosed as
part of current liabilities. However, if the agreement is foreclosed /
transferred through assignment, balance of processing fees and
subvention income is recognised as income at the time of such
foreclosure / transfer through assignment.
Fees and commission income
Fees and commission income is recognised as and when they are due.
Income from Assignment of loans and receivables.
In case of assignment of loans the loans are derecognized as all the
rights, title, future receivable and interest thereof are assigned to
the purchaser. On derecognition, the difference between the book value
of loans assigned and the consideration received as reduced by the
estimated provision for loss/ expenses and incidental expense related
to the transaction is recognized as gain or loss arising on assignment.
Income on retained interest in the assigned asset, if any, is accounted
on accrual basis.
Dividend income
Dividend income is recognised when the shareholders'' right to receive
payment is established by the balance sheet date. Dividend from the
units of mutual funds is recognized on receipt basis in accordance with
the NBFC Regulation.
Profit/Loss on sale of investments
Profit or loss on sale of investments is determined on the basis of
the weighted average cost method.
Advisory fees
Revenue from investment advisory services are recognised on pro-rata
basis over the period of contract as and when services are rendered or
in accordance with the arrangements entered into with the parties
receiving such investment advisory services.
5. Investments
Investments that are readily realisable and intended to be held for not
more than a year are classified as current investments. All other
investments are classified as long-term investments. Current
investments are carried at lower of cost and fair value determined on
an individual investment basis. Long-term investments are carried at
cost. However, provision for diminution in value is made to recognise a
decline other than temporary in the value of the investments.
Unquoted investments in units of mutual funds are stated at net asset
value.
6. Foreign currency transactions
(i) Initial Recognition
Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting currency,
by applying to the foreign currency amount the exchange rate between
the reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the
transaction.
(ii) Conversion
Foreign currency monetary items are reported using the closing rate.
Non-monetary items which are carried in terms of historical cost
denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate
at the date of the transaction.
(iii) Exchange Differences
Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on
reporting Company''s monetary items at rates different from those at
which they were initially recorded during the year, or reported in
previous financial statements, are recognised as income or as expenses
in the year in which they arise.
7. Retirement and other employee benefits
(i) The Company''s employee benefits cover provident fund, gratuity and
leave encashment.
(ii) Provident fund is a defined contribution scheme and the Company
has no further obligation beyond the contributions made to provident
fund authorities. Contributions are charged to the profit and loss
account in the year in which they accrue.
(iii) Gratuity liability is a defined benefit obligation and is
recorded based on actuarial valuation on projected unit credit method
made at the end of the financial year. The gratuity liability and the
net periodic gratuity cost is actuarially determined after considering
discount rates, expected long term return on plan assets and increase
in compensation levels. All actuarial gains/losses are immediately
charged to the profit and loss account and are not deferred.
(iv) The Company has provided for leave encashment liability at year
end on account of unavailed earned leave as per the actuarial valuation
as per the Projected Unit Credit Method.
8. Borrowing costs
Borrowing costs consists of interest and other cost that an entity
incurs in connection with borrowing of funds. Borrowing costs are
recognized as an expense in the period in which these are incurred.
9. Segment Reporting Policies
Identification of segments
The Company has organized its operations into three major businesses:
Retail Financial Services, Wholesale credit & Treasury and Investment
Advisory. The analysis of geographical segments is based on the areas
in which major operating divisions of the Company operate.
Allocation of common costs
Common allocable costs are allocated to each segment according to the
relative contribution of each segment to the total common costs.
Unallocated items
It includes income and expense items which are not allocated to any
business segment.
10. Leases
Leases where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks
and benefits of ownership of the leased asset are classified as
operating leases. Operating lease payments are recognized as an expense
in the profit and loss account on a straight line basis over the lease
period.
11. Earnings per share
Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit for
the period attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average
number of equity shares outstanding during the period.
For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net
profit for the period attributable to equity shareholders and the
weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period are
adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
12. Income taxes
Income tax comprises of current and deferred tax. Current income tax is
measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in
accordance with the Income Tax Act, 1961. Deferred income taxes refl
ects the impact of current year timing differences between taxable
income and accounting income for the year and reversal of timing
differences of earlier years.
Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws
enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date. The effect
on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is
recognized in the income statement in the period of enactment of the
change. Deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that
there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income
will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be
realised. In situation where the Company has unabsorbed depreciation
and carry forward tax losses, deferred tax assets are recognised only
if there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence that
such deferred tax assets can be realised against future taxable profi
ts.
At each balance sheet date the Company re-assesses unrecognised
deferred tax assets. It recognises unrecognised deferred tax assets to
the extent that it has become reasonably certain or virtually certain,
as the case may be that sufficient future taxable income will be
available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each balance
sheet date. The Company writes-down the carrying amount of a deferred
tax asset to the extent that it is no longer reasonably certain or
virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable
income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be
realised. Any such write-down is reversed to the extent that it becomes
reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that suffi
cient future taxable income will be available
13. Provisions
A provision is recognized when the enterprise has a present obligation
as a result of past event and it is probable that an outflow of
resources will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of
which a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are not discounted to
their present value and are determined based on management estimate
required to settle the obligation at the balance sheet date. These are
reviewed at each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the
current management estimates.
14. Provision for doubtful assets
After taking into account the time lag between an accounts becoming non
performing, its recognition as such and realization of available
security, following provisions and write off are made against overdue
retail loans as under:
15. Cash collateral
Cash collateral received on loan portfolio buyout is utilised towards
any shortfall in monthly receipt of EMI. The Company is secured from
provisioning requirements to the extent of cash collateral balance
lying with the Company.
16. Loan origination cost
Loan origination costs such as credit verification, front end sales
and processing cost, agreement stamping, direct selling agents
commission and valuation charges are recognised as expense over the
average tenor of the loan agreements. Full month''s amortization is done
in the month of booking of loan. The unamortized balance is being
disclosed as part of loans and advances. However, if the case is
foreclosed or transferred through assignment, the unamortised portion
of the loan acquisition costs is recognised as charge to the Profit
and Loss Account at the time of such foreclosure.
17. Commercial Papers
Commercial paper is recognised at redemption value net of unamortized
finance charges. The difference between redemption value and issue
value is amortised on a time basis and is disclosed separately under fi
nance charges.
18. Employee Stock Option Scheme (''ESOS'')
Measurement and disclosure of the employee share-based payment plans is
done in accordance with SEBI (Employee Stock Option Scheme and Employee
Stock Purchase Scheme) Guidelines, 1999 and the Guidance Note on
Accounting for Employee Share-based Payments issued by The Institute
of the Chartered Accountants of India (''ICAI''). The Company measures
compensation cost relating to employee stock options using the
intrinsic value method. Compensation expense, if any, is amortised over
the vesting period of the option on a straight line basis.
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