a) Basis of Preparation
The financial statements have been prepared to comply in all material
respects with the Notified accounting standard by Companies Accounting
Standards Rules, 2006 (as amended) and the relevant provisions of the
Companies Act, 1956. The financial statements have been prepared under
the historical cost convention on an accrual basis. The accounting
policies have been consistently applied by the Company with those used
in the previous year.
b) Use of estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates
and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and
liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the
financial statements and the results of operations during the reporting
period end. Although these estimates are based upon managements best
knowledge of current events and actions, actual results could differ
from these estimates.
c) Fixed Assets
Fixed assets are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation less
impairment losses, if any. Cost comprises the purchase price and any
attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for
its intended use. Borrowing costs relating to acquisition of fixed
assets which takes substantial period of time to get ready for its
intended use are also included to the extent they relate to the period
till such assets are ready to be put to use.
d) Depreciation
Depreciation in respect of fixed assets acquired upto 31 March, 1992,
was charged on Written down value method at the rates prescribed in
Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956 on pro-rata basis. Depreciation
in respect of fixed assets acquired on or after 1 April, 1992, is
provided using the Straight Line Method as per the useful lives of the
assets estimated by the management, or at the rates prescribed under
schedule XIV of the Companies Act, 1956 whichever is higheThe
depreciation rates are as under: 16.21% 16.21%
e) Impairment
The carrying amounts of assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date
if there is any indication of impairment based on internal/external
factors. An impairment loss is recognised wherever the carrying amount
of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is
the greater of the assets net selling price and value in use. In
assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted
to their present value at the weighted average cost of capital.
After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying
amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.
f) Intangible Assets Goodwill and Brands
Goodwill and Brands are amortized using the straight-line method over a
period of three years.
Tenancy Rights
Tenancy rights have been written down to estimated realizable value in
an earlier year, and are being amortized using the straight-line method
over a period of 10 years.
Research and Development Costs
Research costs are expensed as incurred. Development expenditure
incurred on an individual project is carried forward when its future
recoverability can reasonably be regarded as assured. Any expenditure
carried forward is amortized over the period of expected future sales
from the related project, not exceeding ten years.
The carrying value of development costs is reviewed for impairment
annually when the asset is not yet in use, and otherwise when events or
changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be
recoverable.
g) Leases
Where the Company is the Lessee
Finance leases, which effectively transfer to the Company substantially
all the risks and benefits incidental to ownership of the leased item,
are capitalized at the lower of the fair value and present value of the
minimum lease payments at the inception of the lease term and disclosed
as leased assets. Lease payments are apportioned between the finance
charges and reduction of the lease liability based on the implicit rate
of return. Finance charges are charged directly against income. Lease
management fees, legal charges and other initial direct costs are
capitalized.
If there is no reasonable certainty that the Company will obtain the
ownership by the end of the lease term, capitalized leased assets are
depreciated over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the asset
or the lease term.
Leases where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks
and benefits of ownership of the leased item, are classified as
operating leases. Operating lease payments are recognised as an expense
in the Profit and Loss Account on a straight line basis over the lease
term.
h) Government grants and subsidies
Government grants of the nature of promoters contribution are credited
to capital reserve and treated as a part of shareholders funds.
i) Investments
Investments that are readily realisable and intended to be held for not
more than a year are classified as current investments. All other
investments are classified as long-term investments. Current
investments are carried at lower of cost and fair value determined on
an individual investment basis. Long-term investments are carried at
cost. However, provision for diminution in value is made to recognise a
decline, other than temporary, in the value of the investments.
k) Revenue Recognition
Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the
economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be
reliably measured.
Sale of goods
Revenue is recognized when significant risks and rewards of ownership
of the goods have passed to the buyer which generally coincides with
despatch of goods to the customer. Excise Duty deducted from turnover
(gross) are the amount that is included in the amount of turnover
(gross) and not the entire amount of liability arised during the year.
Sales are stated net of trade discounts and sales returns and excludes
value added tax / sales tax.
Income from services
Revenue from services is recognized on rendering the services to
customers.
Interest
Revenue is recognized on a time proportion basis taking into account
the amount outstanding and the rate applicable.
Dividends
Revenue is recognized when the shareholders right to receive payment
is established by the balance sheet date.
m) Retirement and other employee benefits
Retirement benefits in the form of Provident Fund are a defined
contribution scheme and the contributions are charged to the Profit and
Loss Account of the year when the contributions to the respective funds
are due. There are no other obligations other than the contribution
payable to the respective trusts.
Gratuity liability is defined benefit obligation and is provided for on
the basis of an actuarial valuation on projected unit credit method
made at the end of each financial year.
Short term compensated absences are provided for based on estimates.
Long term compensated absences are provided for based on actuarial
valuation. The actuarial valuation is done as per projected unit credit
method
Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to profit and loss account
and are not deferred.
n) Income taxes
Tax expense comprises of current, deferred and fringe benefit tax.
Current income tax and fringe benefit tax is measured at the amount
expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the
Income-tax Act, 1961 enacted in India. Deferred income taxes reflects
the impact of current year timing differences between taxable income
and accounting income for the year and reversal of timing differences
of earlier years.
Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws
enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date. Deferred
tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset, if a legally
enforceable right exists to set off current tax assets against current
tax liabilities and the deferred tax assets and deferred tax
liabilities relate to the taxes on income levied by same governing
taxation laws. Deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent
that there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable
income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be
realised. In situations where the Company has unabsorbed depreciation
or carry forward tax losses, all deferred tax assets are recognised
only if there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence
that they can be realised against future taxable profits.
At each balance sheet date the Company re-assesses unrecognised
deferred tax assets. It recognises unrecognised deferred tax assets to
the extent that it has become reasonably certain or virtually certain,
as the case may be that sufficient future taxable income will be
available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each balance
sheet date. The Company writes-down the carrying amount of a deferred
tax asset to the extent that it is no longer reasonably certain or
virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable
income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be
realised. Any such write-down is reversed to the extent that it becomes
reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that
sufficient future taxable income will be available
o) Segment Reporting Policies
Identification of segments:
The Companys operating businesses are organized and managed separately
according to the nature of products and services provided, with each
segment representing a strategic business unit that offers different
products and serves different markets. The analysis of geographical
segments is based on the areas in which major operating divisions of
the Company operate.
Inter segment Transfers:
The Company generally accounts for inter-segment sales and transfers as
if the sales or transfers were to third parties at market prices.
Allocation of common costs:
Common allocable costs are allocated to each segment according to the
relative contribution of each segment to the total common costs.
Unallocated items:
Includes general corporate income and expense items which are not
allocated to any business segment.
Segment Policies:
The Company prepares its segment information in conformity with the
accounting policies adopted for preparing and presenting the financial
statements of the Company as a whole.
p) Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or
loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted
average number of equity shares outstanding during the year.
For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net
profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders and the
weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year are
adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
q) Provisions
A provision is recognised when an enterprise has a present obligation
as a result of past event; it is probable that an outflow of resources
will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of which a
reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are not discounted to its
present value and are determined based on best estimate required to
settle the obligation at the balance sheet date. These are reviewed at
each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best
estimates.
r) Cash and Cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents in the balance sheet comprise cash at bank
and in hand and short-term investments with an original maturity of
three months or less.
s) Derivative Instruments
As per the ICAI Announcement, accounting for derivative contracts,
other than those covered under AS-11, are marked to market on a
portfolio basis, and the net loss after considering the offsetting
effect on the underlying hedge item is charged to the income statement.
Net gains are ignored.
t) Excise Duty
Excise duty on turnover is reduced from turnover. Excise duty relating
to the difference between the opening stock and closing stock is
recognized as income/expense as the case may be, separately in the
Profit and Loss account.
|