(a) Basis of preparation
The financial statements have been prepared to comply in all material
respects with the notified accounting standard by Companies Accounting
Standards Rules, 2006 and the relevant provisions of the Companies Act,
1956. The financial statements have been prepared under the historical
cost convention on an accrual basis. The accounting policies have been
consistently applied by the Company and are consistent with those used
in the previous year.
(b) Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Generally
Accepted Accounting Principles requires management to make estimates
and assumptions that effect the reported amount of assets and
liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of
financial statements and result of operations during the reported year.
Although these estimates are based upon managements best knowledge of
current events and actions, actual results could differ from these
estimates.
(c) Fixed Assets
Fixed assets are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and
impairment losses, if any. Cost comprises the purchase price and any
attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for
its intended use. Borrowing costs relating to acquisition of fixed
assets which takes substantial period of time to get ready for its
intended use are also included to the extent they relate to the period
till such assets are ready to be put to use.
In respect of accounting periods commencing on or after 7th December,
2006, exchange differences arising on reporting of the long- term
foreign currency monetary items at rates different from those at which
they were initially recorded during the period, or reported in the
previous financial statements are added to or deducted from the cost of
the asset and are depreciated over the balance life of the asset, if
these monetary items pertain to the acquisition of a depreciable fixed
asset.
(d) Capital Work-in-Progress
All expenditure, including advances given and interest cost during the
project construction period, are accumulated and disclosed as capital
work-in-progress until the assets are ready for commercial use. Assets
under construction are not depreciated. Income earned from investments
of surplus borrowed funds during the construction/trial run period is
reduced from capital work-in-progress. Expenditure/income arising
during trial run is added to/reduced from capital work-in-progress.
(e) Expenditure on substantial expansion
All direct capital expenditure on expansion are capitalised. As regards
indirect expenditure on expansion, only that portion is capitalised
which represents the marginal increase in such expenditure involved as
a result of capital expansion. Both direct and indirect expenditure are
capitalised only if they increase the value of the asset beyond its
original standard of performance.
(f) Depreciation
(i) Fixed assets are depreciated at the rates and in the manner
specified in Schedule XIV of the Companies Act, 1956 on written down
value method, except for plant and machinery and railway sidings which
are depreciated on a straight line basis. Depreciation on additions to
/ deletions from fixed assets is provided on pro-rata basis from / up
to the date of such addition / deletion as the case may be.
Depreciation on additions to assets due to exchange variation is
provided over the remaining useful life of the assets.
(ii) Costs relating to softwares, which are acquired, are capitalized
and amortized @ 40 % on written down value method. The Company
estimates useful life of 5 to 6 years of such softwares.
(g) Impairment of Assets
(i) The carrying amounts of assets are reviewed at each balance sheet
date if there is any indication of impairment based on
internal/external factors. An impairment loss is recognized wherever
the carrying amount of an asset exceed its recoverable amount. The
recoverable amount is the greater of the assets net selling price and
value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash
flows are discounted to their present value at the weighted average
cost of capital.
(ii) After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying
amount of the assets over its remaining useful life.
(h) Revenue Recognition
Revenue is recognised to the extent that it is probable that the
economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be
reliably measured.
Sale of Goods
Revenue is recognised when the significant risks and rewards of
ownership of the goods have passed to the buyer. Sales is disclosed net
of quality claims and rebates. Excise Duty deducted from turnover
(gross) is the amount of excise duty that is included in the amount of
turnover (gross) and not the entire amount of liability arising during
the year.
Export Benefits
Export benefits are accrued whenever ascertainable.
Interest
Revenue is recognised on a time proportion basis taking into account
the amount outstanding and the rate applicable.
Dividends
Revenue is recognised when the shareholders right to receive payment
is established by the balance sheet date. Dividend from subsidiaries,
if any, is recognised even if same are declared after the balance sheet
date but pertains to period on or before the date of balance sheet as
per the requirement of Schedule VI of the Companies Act, 1956.
(i) Taxes on Income
Tax expense comprises of current, deferred and fringe benefit tax.
Current income tax and fringe benefit tax is measured at the amount
expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the
Indian Income Tax Act. Deferred income taxes reflects the impact of
current year timing differences between taxable income and accounting
income for the year and reversal of timing differences of earlier
years.
Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws
enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date. Deferred
tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset, if a legally
enforceable right exists to set off current tax assets against current
tax liabilities and the deferred tax assets and deferred tax libilites
relates to the taxes on income levied by same governing taxation laws.
Deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that there is
reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be
available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised. In
situations where the Company has unabsorbed depreciation or carry
forward tax losses, all deferred tax assets are recognised only if
there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence that they
can be realised against future taxable profits.
At each balance sheet date the Company re- assesses unrecognised
deferred tax assets. It recognises unrecognised deferred tax assets to
the extent that it has become reasonably certain or virtually certain,
as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be
available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each balance
sheet date. The Company writes-down the carrying amount of a deferred
tax asset to the extent that it is no longer reasonably certain or
virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable
income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be
realised. Any such write-down is reversed to the extent that it becomes
reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that
sufficient future taxable income will be available.
(j) Inventories
Raw Materials, Production Consumables, Stores and Spares is valued at
lower of cost and net realizable value. However, materials and other
items held for use in the production of inventories are not written
down below cost if the finished products in which they will be
incorporated are expected to be sold above cost. Cost is determined on
a Weighted Average basis. Work-in-progress and finished goods is valued
at lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost includes direct
material and labour and a proportion of manufacturing overheads based
on normal capacity. Value of finished goods also include excise duty.
Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary
course of business less estimated cost of completion and cost to make
the sale.
(k) Investments
Investments that are readily realisable and intended to be held for not
more than a year are classified as current investments. All other
investments are classified as long-term investments. Current
investments are carried at lower of cost and fair value determined on
an individual investment basis. Long-term investments are carried at
cost. However, provision for diminution in value, if any, is made to
recognise a decline other than temporary in the value of the
investments.
(I) Foreign Currency Transactions
(i) Initial Recognition
Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting currency,
by applying to the foreign currency amount the exchange rate between
the reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the
transaction.
(ii) Conversion
Foreign currency. monetary items are reported using the closing rate.
Non- monetary items which are carried in terms of historical cost
denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate
at the date of the transaction; and non-monetary items which are
carried at fair value or other similar valuation denominated in a
foreign currency are reported using the exchange rates that existed
when the values were determined.
(iii) Exchange Difference
Exchange differences, in respect of accounting periods commencing on or
after 7th December, 2006, arising on reporting of long-term foreign
currency monetary items at rates different from those at which they
were initially recorded during the period, or reported in previous
financial statements, in so far as they relate to the acquisition of a
depreciable capital asset, are added to or deducted from the cost of
the asset and are depreciated over the balance life of the asset, and
in other cases, are accumulated in a Foreign Currency Monetary Item
Translation Difference Account in the enterprises financial
statements and amortized over the balance period of such long-term
asset/ liability but not beyond accounting period ending on or before
31st March, 2011
Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items not
covered above, or on reporting such monetary items of Company at rates
different from those at which they were initially recorded during the
year, or reported in previous financial statements, are recognized as
income or as expenses in the year in which they arise.
(iv) Forward Exchange Contracts not intended for trading or speculation
purposes The premium or discount arising at the inception of forward
exchange contracts is amortised as expense or income over the life of
the contract. Exchange differences on such contracts are recognised in
the statement of profit and loss account in the year in which the
exchange rates change. Any profit or loss arising on cancellation or
renewal of forward exchange contract is recognised as income or as
expense for the year.
(m) Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or
loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders (after
deducting preference dividends and attributable taxes) by the weighted
average number of equity shares outstanding during the period. Partly
paid equity shares are treated as a fraction of an equity share to the
extent that they were entitled to participate in dividends relative to
a fully paid equity share during the reporting period. The weighted
average number of equity shares outstanding during the period are
adjusted for events of bonus issue; bonus element in a rights issue to
existing shareholders; share split; and reverse share split
(consolidation of shares).
For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net
profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders and
the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period are
adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
(n) Provisions
A provision is recognised when an enterprise has a present obligation
as a result of past event; it is probable that an outflow of resources
will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of which a
reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are not discounted to its
present value and are determined based on best estimate required to
settle the obligation at the balance sheet date. These are reviewed at
each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best
estimates.
(o) Cash and Cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents in the balance sheet comprise cash in hand
and at bank in current account, Margin deposit and term deposit with an
original maturity of three months or less are considered as cash
equivalent.
(p) Derivative Instruments
As per the ICAI announcement, accounting for derivative contract, other
than those covered under AS 11, are marked to market on a portfolio
basis, and the net loss after considering the offsetting effect on the
underlying hedge item is charged to the Income statement, Net gains are
ignored.
(q) Retirement and other employee benefits
(i) Retirement benefits in the form of Provident Fund is a defined
contribution scheme and the contributions are charged to the Profit and
Loss Account of the year when the contributions to the respective funds
are due, There are no other obligations other than the contribution
payable to the respective fund.
(il) Gratuity liability are defined benefit obligations and are
provided for on the basis of an actuarial valuation on projected unit
credit method made at the end of each financial year.
(Ill) Short term compensated absences are provided for based on
estimates, Long term compensated absences are provided for based on
actuarial valuation, The actuarial valuation Is done as per projected
unit credit method.
(Iv) Actuarial gains/losses are Immediately taken to profit and loss
account and are not deferred.
(r) Central Value Added Tax (CENVAT)
CENVAT claimed on capital goods Is reduced from the cost of plant and
machinery/capital work-in-progress. CENVAT claimed on purchases of raw
material and other materials Is reduced from the cost of such
materials.
(s) Leases
(I) Where the Company is the Lessee
Lease rentals in respect of finance lease arrangements entered up to
31st March, 2001 are segregated Into cost of the asset and interest
components by applying an Implicit internal rate of return, The cost
component is amortised over the useful life of the asset and the
Interest component is recognised in the Profit and Loss Account. Lease
payments in excess of the charge for the year are treated as prepaid
lease rentals wherever agreement is existing and in other eases it has
been added to the carrying cost of the fixed assets.
Finance leases entered on or after 1st April, 2001, which effectively
transfer to the Company substantially all the risks and benefits
incidental to ownership of the leased item, are capitalized at the
lower of the fair value and present value of the minimum lease payments
at the inception of the lease term and disclosed as leased assets.
Lease payments are apportioned between the finance charges and
reduction of the lease liability based on the implicit rate of return,
Flnane charges are charged directly against income. Lease management
fees, legal charges and other Initial direct costs are capitalised.
if there is no reasonable certainty that the Company will obtain the
ownership by the end of the lease term, capitalized leased assets are
depreciated over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the asset
or the lease term.
Leases where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks
and benefits of ownership of the leased term, are classified as
operating leases, Operating lease payments are recognized as an expense
In the Profit and Loss account on a straight-line basis over the lease
term.
(ii) Where the Company is the Lessor
Assets subject to operating lease are Included In fixed assets. Lease
income is recognised In the Profit and Loss account on a straight line
basis over the lease term. Costs including depreciation are recognised
as an expense in the Profit and Loss account, initial direct costs such
as legal costs, brokerage costs, etc are recognised Immediately In the
Profit and Loss account.
(t) Mining, Exploration and Development Expenditure
Expenditure in respect of mineral, exploration and evaluation is
charged to the profit and loss account as incurred except in following
cases where it is capitalised:
-it is expected that the expenditure will be recouped by future
exploitation or sale; or
-substantial exploration and evaluation activities have Identified a
mineral resource but these activities have not reached a stage which
permits a reasonable assessment of the existence of commercially
recoverable reserves
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