A. ACCOUNTING CONVENTION :
The financial statements are prepared under historical cost convention
on the accrual basis of accounting in accordance with generally
accepted accounting principles in India and the Accounting Standards
issued under the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956.
B.. FIXED ASSETS AND DEPRECIATION :
i. Fixed assets are stated at cost of acquisition including freight,
duties and installation expenses and expenditure during construction
where applicable and net of CENVAT and Value Added Tax credit availed
against Tax or cess paid on such items.
ii. Depreciation on Fixed Assets is provided under Straight Line Method
at the rates and in the manner specified in Schedule XIV of the
Companies Act, 1956.
iii. Depreciation is provided at one hundred per cent for assets
costing less than Rs.5,000/-
iv. Depreciation on Fixed Assets used for the Project under
construction is included under Unallocated Expenditure Pending
Capitalisation.
V. Revenue Expenditure incurred during the construction period of the
Project is shown under Unallocated Expenditure Pending Capitalisation
till the commencement of the commercial production or their intended
use and the same is being capitalised by allocating to relevant assets
in the ratio of their direct costs.
C. IMPAIRMENT OF ASSETS :
The carrying amount of the assets are being tested on annual basis for
impairment so as to determine the provision required for impairment
loss if any or for reversal of the provision, if any, required on
account of impairment loss recognised in previous periods.
D. INVESTMENTS :
i. Investments are classified into Current and Long Term investments.
ii. Current investments are valued at lower of cost and fair value.
iii. Long-term investments are valued at cost of acquisition. Provision
is made for decline, other than temporary, in the value of investments.
E. INVENTORIES :
Inventories are valued at lower of cost and net realisable value. The
Cost of inventories is being determined under weighted average cost
method
F. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT :
Revenue Expenditure incurred for Research and Development is written
off in the same year. Capital expenditure on Research and Development
is shown as additions to Fixed Assets.
G. EXCISE DUTY :
Excise Duties recovered are included in Gross Sales. Excise duty on
despatches is shown as an item of expense and deducted from Gross
Sales. The value of closing stock of finished goods includes excise
duty paid / payable on such stocks wherever applicable.
H. EMPLOYEE STOCK OPTION SCHEME :
In accordance with the Securities and Exchange Board of India
guidelines, the excess of the market price of the shares, at the date
of grant of option under the employee stock option scheme, over the
exercise price is treated as employee compensation and the same is
amortised over the vesting period of the stock options.
I. FOREIGN EXCHANGE TRANSACTIONS :
i. Transactions in Foreign Exchange, other than those covered by
forward contracts are accounted for at the exchange rate prevailing on
the date of transactions. Exchange differences arising on foreign
currency transactions settled during the year are recognised in the
Profit and Loss Account.
ii. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies
as at the balance sheet date other than those covered by forward
contracts are translated at the year end rates. The resultant exchange
differences are recognised in the profit and loss account.
iii. Non-monetary assets and liabilities are recorded at the rates
prevailing on the date of the transaction.
iv. Forward contracts are being entered into to mitigate the foreign
currency risk of the underlying outstanding at the balance sheet date
and also to hedge the foreign currency risk of firm commitments or
highly probable forecast transactions.
In case of forward contracts not intended for trading or speculative
purposes, the premium or discount on all such contracts is amortised as
income or expense over the life of the contract. Any profit or loss
arising on cancellation or renewal of forward contracts is recognised
as income or expense for the period. The exchange differences,
consisting of the difference between (a) the foreign currency amount of
the contract translated at the exchange rate at the reporting date or
the settlement date where the transaction is settled during the
reporting period and (b) the same foreign currency amount translated at
the latter of the date of inception of the forward exchange contract
and the last reporting date, are recognised in the profit and loss
account in the reporting period in which the exchange rates change.
In case of other forward contracts, the gain or loss, computed
considering the exchange difference between the forward rate available
at the reporting date for the remaining maturity of the contract and
the contracted forward rate, is recognised as income or expense in the
statement of profit and loss.
J. EMPLOYEE BENEFITS :
i. Short-Term Benefits :
Short Term Employee Benefits, at the undiscounted amount in the year in
which the services have been rendered, are charged off to the Profit
and Loss Account.
ii. Long-Term Benefits :
a. The Contributions to Provident Fund and Employee State Insurance
Schemes, which are defined contribution schemes, to the relevant funds
administered and managed by the Central Government of India, are
charged off to the Profit and Loss Account as and when incurred. The
Company has no further obligations under these plans beyond its monthly
contributions.
b. Provision for Gratuity and Leave Encashment, which are defined
benefit plans, is made on the basis of an actuarial valuation at the
balance sheet date carried out by an independent actuary under
Projected Unit Credit Method.
c. Actuarial gains / losses arises during the year are recognised in
the Profit and Loss Account. iii. Terminal Benefits are recognised as
an expense as and when incurred.
K. TAXES ON INCOME :
i. Tax expense is the aggregate of current year income tax, deferred
income tax charged or credited to the Profit and Loss account.
ii. Current Year Income Tax :
The Provision for taxation is based on assessable profits of the
company as determined under the Income Tax Act, 1961. The Company also
provides for such disallowances made on completion of assessment
pending appeals, as considered appropriate depending on the merits of
each case.
iii. Deferred Income Tax :
Deferred Income Taxes are recognized for the future tax consequences
attributable to timing differences between the financial statement
determination of income and their recognition for tax purposes. The
effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities
is recognized in income using the tax rates and tax laws that have been
enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date. Deferred
tax assets are recognized and carried forward only to the extent that
there is a virtual certainty that sufficient future taxable income will
be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised.
iv. Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) Credit :
MAT credit is recognised, as an Asset only when and to the extent there
is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax
during the specified year. In the year in which the Minimum Alternative
tax (MAT) credit becomes eligible to be recognised as an asset in
accordance with the recommendation contained in Guidance Note issued by
the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, the said asset is
created by way of a credit to the profit and loss account and shown as
MAT Credit Entitlement. The Company reviews the same at each balance
sheet date and writes down the carrying amount of MAT Credit
Entitlement to the extent there is no longer convincing evidence to the
effect that Company will pay normal Income Tax during the specified
period.
L. EXPORT BENEFITS :
Advance Licences and Duty Entitlements against exports made by the
company are accounted in the books on their utilization / disposal.
However, the value of unutilised unconditional customs duty credit
granted against Exports under Duty Entitlement Pass Book Scheme is
being provided in the Books of Account.
M. REVENUE RECOGNITION :
i. SALES :
Domestic Sales :
Revenue from domestic sales is recognised on delivery of products to
customers from the factories of the company.
Export Sales :
Revenue from export sales is recognised when the significant risks and
rewards of ownership are transferred to the customers which is based
upon the terms of the applicable contract.
ii Dividend on shares held by the company is recognised when the right
of the company to receive the same is established and interest on
deposits is accounted on accrual basis.
iii Service income is recognised as per the terms of the contracts with
customers when the related services are performed or the agreed
milestones are achieved.
N. BORROWING COSTS :
Borrowing costs that are attributable to the acquisition or
construction of a qualifying asset are capitalised as part of cost of
such asset till such time as the asset is ready for its intended use.
Other borrowing costs are recognised as expense for the period.
O. LEASES :
Lease of assets under which all the risks and rewards of ownership are
effectively retained by the lessor are classified as operating leases.
Lease payments under operating leases are recognised as an expense on a
straight line basis over the period of lease.
P. PROPOSED / INTERIM DIVIDEND :
Dividends, if any, as recommended by the directors are accounted in the
books of account, pending approval at the Annual General Meeting.
Q. EARNINGS PER SHARE :
i. The basic earnings per share is calculated considering the weighted
average number of equity shares outstanding during the year.
ii The diluted earnings per share is calculated considering the effects
of potential equity shares on net profits after tax for the year and
weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year.
R. PROVISIONS, CONTINGENT LIABILITIES AND CONTINGENT ASSETS :
Provisions, involving substantial degree of estimation in measurement,
are recognised when there is a present obligation as a result of past
events and it is probable that there will be an outflow of resources.
Contingent Liabilities, which are possible or present obligations that
may but probably will not require outflow of resources, are not
recognised but are disclosed in the Notes to the financial statements.
Contingent Assets are neither recognised nor disclosed in the financial
statements.
S. USE OF ESTIMATES :
The preparation of financial statements require estimates and
assumptions to be made that affect the reported amount of assets and
liabilities on the date of the financial statements and the reported
amount of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Difference
between the actual results and estimates are recognized in the period
in which the results are known / materialized.
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