1. BASIS OF PREPARATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
a) The financial statements have been prepared and presented under the
historical cost convention on accrual basis of accounting unless
otherwise stated and except for items recognized on cash basis, as per
guidelines issued by the Reserve Bank of India [‘RBI] and comply with
the Accounting standards issued by the Institute of Chartered
Accountants of India and relevant requirements prescribed under the
Banking Regulation Act, 1949 and Companies Act, 1956, and current
practices prevailing within the banking industry in India.
b) The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principles [GAAP] requires the management to make
estimates and assumptions considered in the reported amounts of assets
and liabilities (including contingent liabilities) as of the date of
the financial statements and the reported income and expenses during the
reporting period. The Management believes that the estimates used in
the preparation of the financial statements are prudent and reasonable.
Actuals could differ from these estimates.
2. REVENUE RECOGNITION
a] Income is recognized on an accrual basis except:
(i) Commission on Bank Guarantees and Letters of Credit; arrangement of
suppliers /buyers Credit; and Locker rent which are recognized on
receipt basis.
(ii) Interest income on Non-Performing advances and investments, and
securities guaranteed by Central Government where interest is not
realized within 90 days is recognized on receipt basis.
b] Profit or loss on sale of investments is recognized in the Profit and
loss account on settlement basis at the time of sale except the
realized Profit on sale of investments in ‘Held to Maturity category
which is recognized in the Profit and loss account and subsequently
appropriated to capital reserve account in accordance with RBI
guidelines.
c] Brokerage/commission/incentives received on Banks direct
subscriptions are deducted from the cost of securities, whereas
brokerage paid in connection with acquisition of securities is treated
as revenue expenditure.
d] The broken period interest on sale or purchase of securities is
treated as revenue item.
3. ADVANCES
a) Advances are classifed into standard, sub-standard, doubtful and
loss assets in accordance with the guidelines issued by the RBI and are
stated net of specifc provisions made towards Non-Performing Advances
[‘NPAs].
b) Credit Card dues are identifed as NPAs where minimum dues receivable
are in default for a continuous period of more than 90 days. Income
from non performing card accounts is not recognized in financial
statements.
c) Provisions for sub-standard, doubtful and loss advances are made on
the basis of asset classifcation and provisioning requirements under
the prudential norms laid down by the Reserve Bank of India.
d) Recoveries in non-performing advances are appropriated frst towards
book balance, then to charges and thereafter to unrealized interest.
e) General provision for Standard Assets made in accordance with RBI
Guidelines is included under Other liabilities- others.
f) Restructured Accounts: For restructured advances, provisions for
erosion in fair value of loan are made in accordance with the
guidelines issued by RBI, in addition to the provision otherwise
required. The provision for erosion in fair value of advance is not
reduced from advances and is included in the balance sheet under the
head Other Liabilities-Others.
4. INVESTMENTS
4.1 Categorization & Classifcation
In accordance with the RBI guidelines, investments at the time of
acquisition are categorized as
- Held to Maturity [HTM],
- Available for Sale [AFS] and
- Held for Trading [HFT].
The Bank shifts the investments category inter-se as permitted by RBI
at the least of acquisition cost / book value / market value, on the
date of transfer and the depreciation, if any, on such transfer is
recognized in the Profit and loss account.
However, for disclosure in the balance sheet, investments are classifed
under six categories – Government securities, other approved
securities, shares, debentures and bonds, Investments in Subsidiaries/
RRB/Joint Ventures and Others [units of Mutual Funds, Commercial
Papers, certifcate of deposits and Venture Capital Funds and
investments in RIDF of NABARD, MSME Fund of SIDBI,NHB].
Investments classifed under ‘Held to Maturity include the following:
a) Investments in SLR securities upto 25% of Demand and Time
liabilities.
b) Recapitalisation bonds received from the Government of India towards
recapitalisation requirements.
c) Investments in share of subsidiaries.
d) RIDF Schemes of NABARD/MSME (Refnance) Fund of SIDBI/ RHF Deposits
of NHB.
e) Investment in Venture Capital Funds, for an initial period of 3
years of each draw down, after 23rd August 2006.
Investments acquired primarily with an intention for trading are
classifed as HFT securities. As per RBI guidelines, securities in HFT
category are not held beyond 90 days and are transferred to AFS
category under exceptional circumstances like not able to sell or
extreme volatility or market becoming unidirectional, with the approval
of the ALCO/Investment Committee.
All other investments are classifed under AFS.
4.2 Valuation and consequential adjustments :
a] Held to Maturity: Investments classifed under ‘Held- to-Maturity
are carried at weighted average acquisition cost. Premium on
acquisition, if any, is amortized on
a straight-line basis over the remaining maturity period. In case of
investments in subsidiaries any diminution, other than temporary, in
the value of such investment is recognized and provided for.
Investments in Venture Capital Fund is valued at Cost.
b] Available for Sale and Held for Trading:
(i) Investments in these categories (classifed under the category Rs.Held
for Trading and Rs.Available for Sale) are marked to market / estimated
realizable value as per RBI guidelines at monthly and quarterly
intervals for HFT and AFS respectively. While the resultant net
depreciation, if any, within each category referred to in 4.1 above, is
recognized in Profit & loss account as Provisions and Contingencies,
the net appreciation is ignored except to the extent of depreciation
previously provided. The book value of the individual scrip is not
changed after revaluation. In the case of write back of excess
provision of depreciation the same is credited to Provisions and
Contingencies and a like amount (net of taxes and transfer to
Statutory Reserve) is appropriated to Investment Reserve Account under
Schedule 2 – Reserves & Surplus.
(ii) For the purpose of (i) above, the market price / estimated
realizable value is determined as under:
4.3 Non-performing Investments
a] All such securities where repayment of principal or interest not
serviced within 90 days from the due date are classifed as
Non-Performing Investments, except securities guaranteed by the Central
Government
which are treated as performing investments notwithstanding arrears of
principal / interest payments. In respect of investments classifed as
Non- performing, appropriate provisions are made for the depreciation
in the value of these investments. The
depreciation requirement in respect of these securities is not set off
against appreciation in respect of other performing securities.
b] Where the Bank has both credit and investment exposures to any
borrower/ group and in the event the credit exposure is classifed as
Non-Performing asset, the investment exposure to them is also classifed
as Non-Performing.
4.4 ACCOUNTING FOR REPO TRANSACTIONS
In line with the uniform accounting treatment prescribed by the RBI,
monies received/paid during the year on Repo transactions are
debited/credited to Repo Account and reversed on maturity of the
transactions. Costs and revenues are accounted for as interest
expenditure/income, as the case may be. Balance in Repo account is
adjusted against the balance in the investment account.
In respect of Repo transactions under Liquidity Adjustment Facility
with the RBI, monies borrowed during the year on such transactions are
credited to REPO account from RBI. Expenditure thereon is accounted for
as Interest Expenditure. Balance held in Repo account with RBI is not
deducted from investment and are valued. SLR securities (including
margin) acquired under the Reserve Bank of India (RBI)- Liquidity
Adjustment Facility (LAF), are not treated as an eligible asset for
maintenance of SLR.
In respect of Reverse Repo Transactions under LAF with the RBI, monies
paid during the year are debited to ‘Reverse REPO/Investment –RBI and
reversed on maturity of the transaction. Revenue thereon is accounted
as interest income. Balance held in Reverse Repo with RBI is included
under investments as on the Balance Sheet date and are not valued.
4.5 Accounting For Investment Transactions
i) The Bank follows settlement date method of accounting its
investments;
ii) Cost is determined on weighted average cost method;
iii) Profit on sale is netted with loss on sale of securities;
iv) The difference between the sale/ redemption value of liquid Mutual
Funds and the book value is treated as Profit on sale of investments.
5. FIXED ASSETS
a] Fixed assets are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and
provision for impairment. Cost comprises of the purchase price and any
cost attributable for bringing the asset to its working condition for
its intended use. The carrying amounts of fxed assets are reviewed at
each balance sheet date
and adjusted for any impairment in accordance with the Accounting
Standard 28 ( Impairment of Assets) issued in this regard by the
Institute of Chartered Accountants of India.
Capital Work-in-progress includes cost of fxed assets that are not
ready for their intended use and also includes advances paid to acquire
fxed assets.
b] Depreciation is provided on the diminishing balance method from the
date of addition except in case of computers /ATMs and leasehold
improvements where the straightline method is used. The assets are
depreciated at the rates prescribed in Schedule XIV to the Companies
Act 1956, except in the case of computers, ATMs and leasehold
improvements which are depreciated at the rate of 1/3rd per annum,
1/7th per annum and over the period of the lease respectively.
c] Depreciation on premises is provided for on composite cost, wherever
the value of land and building is not separately identifed.
6. TRANSACTIONS INVOLVING FOREIGN EXCHANGE
a) Transactions denominated in foreign currencies are accounted for at
the rates prevailing on the date of the transaction. Foreign currency
monetary assets and liabilities are translated at the balance sheet
date at closing exchange rates notifed by Foreign Exchange Dealers
Association of India [‘FEDAI] and the resulting Profits/losses are
recognized in the Profit and loss account.
b) Foreign Currency non-monetary items, which are carried in terms at
historical cost, are reported using the exchange rate at the date of
the transaction.
c) Outstanding foreign exchange spot and forward contracts meant for
trading purpose are revalued at the exchange rates specifed for spot
and the respective forward maturities as notifed by FEDAI. The
resulting Profit or loss is shown under Profit or Loss account.
d) Foreign exchange forward contracts, which are not intended for
trading and are outstanding at the balance sheet date, are not
revalued. The premium or discount arising at the inception of such a
forward exchange contract is amortized as interest expense or income
over the period of the contract.
e) Contingent liabilities denominated in foreign currency are reported
using the FEDAI closing spot rates.
7. DERIVATIVES
a) The bank enters into derivative contracts such as foreign currency
interest rate swaps, currency swaps, currency futures, options and
forward rate agreements.
b) The income/expenses on derivative contracts classifed as hedge are
recorded on accrual basis.
c) All trading derivative contracts are marked to market and the
resultant gains or losses are recognized in the Profit and loss account.
d) All derivative transactions are classifed under contingent
liabilities and those denominated in foreign currencies are reported
using the FEDAI closing spot rates.
8. TRANSACTIONS INVOLVING PRECIOUS METALS
a] Income from precious metals transactions is accounted for as Other
Income. In case of metals received on consignment basis, the income
thereon is recognized at the time of sale.
b] Commodity loans to the constituents and deposits from public under
the gold deposit scheme in the form of precious metals are translated
at market related rates prevailing at the close of the period and shown
under the head Advances and Deposits respectively.
c] Closing stock of precious metals [own dealing] is valued at lower of
the cost and net realizable value.
d] Closing stock of gold held under Gold Deposit Scheme is valued at
market related rates, as per RBI guidelines.
9. CASH AND BALANCES WITH RESERVE BANK OF INDIA
Cash and Balance with Reserve Bank of India include cash on hand and in
ATMs, and gold in hand and balances with RBI in current accounts.
10. EMPLOYEE BENEFITS
a) The Bank has accounted for Employee Benefts as per Accounting
Standard 15 issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India.
b) i) Contributions payable to Gratuity, Pension and
Leave Encashment, Sick Leave, etc., which are defned benefts, based on
actuarial valuations, at the Balance Sheet date, carried out by an
independent actuary;
ii) Contributions payable to the recognized provident fund, which is a
defned contribution scheme; are charged to the Profit and loss account.
11. LEASE TRANSACTIONS
Lease payments for assets taken on operating lease are recognized as an
expense in the Profit and loss account on a straight-line basis over the
lease term.
12. CONTINGENT LIABILITIES AND PROVISIONS
In conformity with AS 29, Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and
Contingent Assets, issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of
India, the Bank recognizes provisions only when it has a present
obligation as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow
of resources embodying economic benefts will be required to settle the
obligation, and when a reliable estimate of the amount of the
obligation can be made.
Past events leading to possible obligations existence of which will be
confrmed only by the occurrence or nonoccurrence of one or more
uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Bank; or
present obligations where it is not probable that an outflow of
resources embodying economic benefts will be required to settle the
obligation; or a reliable estimate of the amount of obligation cannot
be made, are treated as contingent liabilities and are dealt-with in
accordance with AS29.
Contingent Assets are not recognized in the financial statements.
13. TAXES ON INCOME
Income-tax expense comprises current tax [i.e. amount of tax for the
period determined in accordance with the income-tax law] and
deferred-tax charge or credit [refecting tax effects of timing
differences between accounting income and taxable income for the
period].
a] Current tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the
taxation authorities, using the applicable tax rates, tax laws and
favourable judicial pronouncements / legal opinions.
b] The deferred-tax charge or credit and the corresponding deferred-tax
liabilities or assets are recognized using the tax rates that have been
enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date. Deduction
under Section 36(1)(viii) of the Income Tax Act,1961 is considered as
permanent difference. Deferred-tax assets are recognized keeping in
view the consideration of prudence only to the extent there is virtual
certainty that the assets can be realized in future.
14. EARNINGS PER SHARE
Basic and diluted Earnings Per Equity Share are computed in accordance
with Accounting Standard 20, Earnings Per Share, issued by the
Institute of Chartered Accountants of India.
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