1. Basis of Accounting
The financial statements are prepared to comply in all material aspects
with all the applicable accounting principles in India, the accounting
standards notified under Section 211(3C) of the Companies Act, 1956 of
India (the Act) and the relevant provisions of the Act.
2. Fixed Assets
Fixed assets are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. The
Company capitalises all direct costs relating to the acquisition and
installation of fixed assets. Interest on borrowed funds, if any, used
to finance the acquisition of fixed assets, is capitalised up to the
date the assets are ready for commercial use. Under utilised/Idle
assets are recorded at estimated realisable value.
Intangible Assets
Goodwill and other Intangible Assets are amortised over the useful life
of the assets, not exceeding 10 years.
Tangible Assets
Lease-hold land is being amortised over the period of lease.
* In respect of buildings, estimated useful life is considered from the
date of completion of construction.
The useful lives of the assets are based on technical estimates
approved by the Management and are lower than the implied useful lives
arrived on the basis of the rates prescribed under Schedule XIV to the
Companies Act, 1956 of India. Assets individually costing less than
Rs. 5,000 are fully depreciated in the year of acquisition.
Impairment
At each Balance Sheet date, the Company reviews the carrying value of
tangible and intangible assets for any possible impairment. An
impairment loss is recognised when the carrying amount of an asset
exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is higher of the
assets net selling price or estimated future cash flows which are
discounted to their present value based on appropriate discount rates.
For the purpose of assessing impairment, assets are grouped at the
levels for which there are separately identifiable cash flows (cash
generating unit).
3. Investments
Long-term investments are valued at cost. Current investments are
valued at lower of cost and fair value as on the date of the Balance
Sheet. The Company provides for diminution in value of investments,
other than temporary in nature.
4. Inventories
Inventories of raw and packing materials, work-in- process and finished
goods are valued at lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost of
work-in- process and finished goods includes materials, labour and
manufacturing overheads and other costs incurred in bringing the
inventories to their present location. Cost is determined using
standard cost method that approximates actual cost. The Company accrues
for customs duty liability in respect of stocks of raw material lying
in bond and excise duty liability in respect of stocks of finished
goods lying at plant and warehouses.
5. Revenue Recognition
Sales are recognised upon delivery of goods and are recorded net of
trade discounts, rebates, sales tax/value added tax and inclusive of
excise duty on own manufactured and outsourced products.
Service Income
Service Income is recognised on cost plus basis for services rendered.
6. Provisions and Contingent Liabilities
The Company recognises a provision when there is a present obligation
as result of a past event that probably requires an outflow of
resources and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the
obligation. A disclosure for a contingent liability
is made when there is a possible obligation or a present obligation
that may, but probably will not, require an outflow of resources. Where
there is a possible obligation or a present obligation that the
likelihood of outflow of resources is remote, no provision or
disclosure as specified in Accounting Standard 29 - Provisions,
Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets is made.
7. Expenditure
Advertising expenses are consistently accrued and recognised in the
year in which the related activities are carried out.
The Company has Defined Contribution Plan for its employees retirement
benefits comprising of Provident Fund and Superannuation Fund which are
recognised by the Income Tax Authorities and administered through its
trustees/appropriate authorities. The Company contributes to Provident
Fund and Superannuation Fund for its employees. In respect of
employees covered by Provident Fund trust, interest rates payable by
the trust to the beneficiaries every year is being notified by the
Government. The Company has an obligation to make good the shortfall,
if any, between the return from the investment of the trust and
notified interest rate. The Company contributes to State Plans namely
Employees State Insurance Fund and Employees Pension Scheme 1995.
The Company has Defined Benefit Plan comprising of Gratuity Fund and
Pension Scheme. The Company contributes to the Gratuity Fund which is
recognised by the Income Tax Authorities and administered through its
trustees. The liability for the Gratuity Fund and the Pension Scheme is
determined on the basis of an independent actuarial valuation done at
the year-end using Projected Unit Credit Method. The Company
has Leave Encashment Entitlements which are provided on the basis of
independent actuarial valuation done at the year-end using Projected
Unit Credit Method. Actuarial Gains and Losses comprise experience
adjustments and the effect of changes in the actuarial assumptions and
are recognised immediately in the Profit and Loss Account as income or
expense. Expenditure on Voluntary Retirement Scheme is charged to the
Profit and Loss Account in the year in which it is incurred.
8. Foreign Currency Transactions
Transactions in foreign currencies are recognised at the prevailing
exchange rates on the transaction dates. Realised gains and losses on
settlement of foreign currency transactions are recognised in the
Profit and Loss Account. Foreign currency denominated monetary assets
and liabilities at the year end are translated at the year-end exchange
rates, and the resultant exchange difference is recognised in the
Profit and Loss Account. Non Monetary foreign currency items are
carried at cost.
9. Taxation
Current tax is determined as the amount of tax payable in respect of
taxable income for the year. Deferred tax for timing differences
between the income as per financial statement and income as per the
Income-tax Act, 1961 is accounted for using the tax rates and laws that
have been enacted or substantially enacted as of the Balance Sheet
date. Deferred tax assets arising from the timing differences are
recognised to the extent there is virtual certainty that sufficient
future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax
assets can be realised.
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