i. Basis of preparation of Financial Statements:
The accompanying financial statements have been prepared under the
historical cost convention, in accordance with Generally Accepted
Accounting Principles and the provisions of the Companies Act, 1956.
ii. Use of Estimates:
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Generally
Accepted Accounting Principles requires estimates and assumptions to be
made that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and
disclosure of contingent liabilities on the date of the financial
statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the
reporting period. Actual results could differ from these estimates and
the differences between actual results and estimates are recognised in
the periods in which the results are known / materialized.
Hi. Revenue Recognition:
Revenue is recognized when it is earned and no significant uncertainty
exists as to its realization or collection.
Gross sales are inclusive of excise duty and net of trade discounts and
sales tax. Excise duty is presented as a reduction from gross sales in
the Profit and Loss Account.
iv. Foreign Currency Transactions:
Transactions in foreign currencies are accounted at the prevailing
rates of exchange on the date of transaction.
Monetary items denominated in foreign currencies, are restated at the
prevailing rates of exchange at the Balance Sheet date. All gains and
losses arising out of fluctuations in exchange rates are accounted for
in the Profit and Loss Account.
Non-monetary items such as investments are carried at historical cost
using the exchange rates on the date of the transaction.
Exchange differences on forward exchange contracts, entered into for
hedging foreign exchange fluctuation risk in respect of an existing
asset / liability, are recognised in the Profit and Loss Account in the
reporting period in which the exchange rate changes. Premium / Discount
on forward exchange contracts are treated as an expense / income over
the life of the contract.
v. Employee Benefits:
Compensation to employees for services rendered is measured and
accounted for in accordance with the revised AS-15 on Employee
Benefits.
Employee Benefits such as salaries, allowances, non-monetary benefits
and employee benefits under defined contribution plans such as
provident and other funds, which fall due for payment within a period
of twelve months after rendering service, are charged as expense to the
Profit and Loss Account in the period in which the service is rendered.
Employee Benefits under defined benefit plans including leave
encashment (compensated absences) and gratuity which fall due for
payment after a period of twelve months from rendering service or after
completion of employment, are measured by the projected unit credit
method, on the basis of actuarial valuations carried out by third party
actuaries at each Balance Sheet date. The Companys obligations
recognized in the Balance Sheet represent the present value of
obligations as reduced by the fair value of plan assets, where
applicable.
Actuarial Gains and Losses are recognized immediately in the Profit and
Loss Account.
vi. Fixed Assets and Depreciation:
Fixed assets are stated at cost of acquisition or construction less
accumulated depreciation. Subsequent expenditure, which substantially
enhances the previously assessed standard of performance of the assets,
is added to the carrying value of fixed assets.
Leasehold Land is amortised over the period of lease. Depreciation is
provided on Plant & Machinery and Buildings on the Straight Line Method
and on other Assets on the Written Down Value Method at the rates
specified in Schedule XIV of the Companies Act, 1956. Certain items of
machinery are depreciated at the rates of 20%, 25% and 33.33% by the
Straight Line Method, as the useful life estimated by the management is
shorter than that prescribed by statute.
Assets costing less than Rs. 5,000 are depreciated at 100%. Additions
and deletions to fixed assets during the year are depreciated,
pro-rata, over the period they have been put to use during the year.
vii. Investments:
Investments are classified as long term or current in accordance with
Accounting Standard 13 on Accounting for Investments. Long term
investments are stated at cost and provision is made to recognize a
decline, other than temporary, if any. Current investments are valued
at lower of cost and net realizable value.
viii. Inventories:
Items of inventory are measured at the lower of cost and net realizable
value.
Cost of inventories comprises of all costs of purchase (other than
refundable duties and taxes), costs of conversion and other costs
incurred in bringing the inventories to their present condition and
location. Costs of raw materials, packing materials and stores and
spares are determined by the average method. Costs of work in process
and finished goods inventories are determined by the absorption costing
method. Excise duty related to finished goods stock is included under
Schedule Q Increase / Decrease in stocks.
All import requirements of a principal raw material are managed by an
overseas affiliate, which enters into futures contracts on the Groups
behalf. A recharge is made by the affiliate for the Companys share of
hedging costs or credits. Such recharges are absorbed into the cost of
imported material on delivery. Since the Company does not itself carry
out the futures contracts, the hedges are not recorded by it in its
books.
ix. Taxation:
Incomes Taxes are accounted for in accordance with Accounting Standard
22 on Accounting for Taxes on Income. Income taxes comprise both
current and deferred tax.
Current tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to/recovered
from the revenue authorities, using applicable tax rates and laws.
The tax effect of the timing differences that result between taxable
income and accounting income and are capable of reversal in one or more
subsequent periods are recorded as a deferred tax asset or a deferred
tax liability. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for
future tax consequences attributable to timing differences. They are
measured using the substantively enacted tax rates and tax regulations.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets at each Balance Sheet date
is reduced to the extent that it is no longer reasonably certain that
sufficient future taxable income will be available against which the
deferred tax asset can be realized.
Fringe Benefit Tax (FBT) payable under the provisions of section 115WC
of the Income Tax Act, 1961 is in accordance with the Guidance note on
Accounting for Fringe Benefit Tax issued by the ICAI regarded as an
additional income tax and considered in determination of the profits
for the year. Tax on distributed profits payable in accordance with the
provisions of section 115 O of the Income Tax Act, 1961 is in
accordance with the Guidance Note on Accounting for Corporate Dividend
Tax regarded as a tax on distribution of profits and is not considered
in the determination of profits.
x. Earnings Per Share:
The Company reports basic and diluted Earnings per Share in accordance
with Accounting Standard 20 on Earnings per Share. Basic Earnings per
Share is computed by dividing the net profit or loss for the year by
the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the
year. Diluted Earnings per Share is computed by dividing the net profit
or loss for the year by the weighted average number of equity shares
outstanding during the year as adjusted for the effects of all dilutive
potential equity shares, except where the results are anti-dilutive.
xi. Cash Flow Statement:
The Cash Flow Statement is prepared by the indirect method set out in
Accounting Standard - 3 on Cash Flow Statement and presents cash flows
by operating, investing and financing activities of the Company. Cash
and cash equivalents presented in the cash flow statement consists of
cash on hand and demand deposits with banks as on the Balance Sheet
date.
xii. Operating Lease
Operating lease receipts or payments are recognized as income or
expenditure in the Profit and Loss Account on a straight-line basis,
which is representative of the time pattern of benefits received from
the use of assets taken on lease.
xiii. Contingent Liabilities:
Contingent liabilities as defined in Accounting Standard 29 on
Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets are disclosed
by way of notes to accounts. Disclosure is not made if the possibility
of an outflow of future economic benefits is remote. Provision is made
if it becomes probable that an outflow of future economic benefits will
be required to settle the obligation.
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