a) Basis of accounting and preparation of financial statements
The financial statements which have been prepared under the historical
cost convention on the accrual basis of accounting, are in accordance
with the applicable requirements of the Companies Act, 1956 (the Act)
and comply in all material aspects with the Accounting Standards
prescribed by the Central Government, in accordance with the Companies
(Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006, to the extent applicable.
b) Use of estimates
The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with
generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make
estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets
and liabilities, disclosure of contingent liabilities as at the date of
financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses
during the reporting period. Key estimates include estimate of useful
life of fixed assets, unbilled revenue, income taxes, estimated
gain/loss on foreign exchange contracts and future obligations under
employee retirement benefit plans. Actual results could differ from
those estimates. Any revision to accounting estimates will be
recognised prospectively in the current and future periods.
c) Fixed Assets, Capital Work-In-Progress and Depreciation
i) Fixed assets are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Cost
includes inward freight, taxes and expenses incidental to acquisition
and installation, up to the point the asset is ready for its intended
use.
ii) Depreciation is provided on Building under the Straight-Line Method
and on other fixed assets, other than Leasehold building improvements,
under the Written DownValue method. Depreciation is provided on a
pro-rata basis at the rates and in the manner prescribed under Schedule
XIV of the Companies Act, 1956, which also represent the useful life of
fixed assets.
iii) Leasehold building improvements are written off over the period of
lease or their estimated useful life, whichever is earlier, on a
straight-line basis.
iv) Capital Advances in respect of Capital Work in progress or assets
acquired but not ready for use are classified under Capital Work in
Progress.
v) Management evaluates at regular intervals, using external and
internal sources, the need for impairment of any asset. Impairment
occurs where the carrying value exceeds the present value of future
cash flows expected to arise from the continuing use of the asset and
its net realisable value on its eventual disposal. Any loss on account
of impairment is expensed as the excess of the carrying amount over the
higher of the assets net sales price or present value as determined.
After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying
amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.
A previously recognised impairment loss is increased or reversed
depending on changes in circumstances. However, the carrying value
after reversal is not increased beyond the carrying value that would
have prevailed by charging usual depreciation if there was no
impairment.
d) Intangible Assets
Costs relating to acquisition of computer software are capitalised as
Intangible Assets and amortised on a straight line basis over a
period of three years, which is the managements estimate of the useful
lives of such software.
e) Investments
Investments are classified into long-term investments and current
investments. Long-term investments are carried at cost. Provision for
diminution in the value of long-term investments is not provided for
unless it is considered other than temporary. Current investments are
valued at lower of cost and net realisable value.
f) Foreign Currency Transactions
i) Initial Recognition - Transactions denominated in foreign currencies
are recorded at the rates of exchange prevailing on the date of the
transaction.
ii) Conversion - Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign
currency are converted at the rate of exchange prevailing on the date
of the Balance Sheet.
iii) Exchange Differences - All exchange differences arising on
settlement/conversion of foreign currency transactions are included in
the Profit and Loss Account in the year in which they arise.
iv) Forward Cover- The Company uses foreign exchange forward contracts
and forward option contracts to hedge its exposure to foreign currency
fluctuations. The premium or discount arising at the inception of
forward option contracts and foreign exchange forward contracts is
amortised as expense or income over the life of the contract. Any
profit or loss arising on cancellation or renewal of foreign exchange
forward contracts is recognised as income or expense for the year.
v) Pursuant to the Announcement Accounting for Derivatives by the
Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, the Company has adopted
Accounting Standard 30, Financial Instruments: Recognition and
Measurement, prescribed by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of
India, with effect from April 1, 2008. Consequently, outstanding
forward contracts have been treated as highly probable forecast
transactions based on historic trends. Accordingly, gains / losses
arising on mark to market of such open forward contracts have been
accumulated in Hedging Reserve Account. The Company uses forward
contracts as economic hedges and not for trading or speculative
purposes.
g) Staff benefits
i) All short term employee benefits are accounted on undiscounted basis
during the accounting period based on services rendered by employees.
ii) The Companys contribution to Provident Fund is remitted to a trust
established for this purpose based on a fixed percentage of the
eligible employees salary and charged to Profit and Loss Account. The
Company has categorised its Provident Fund as a defined contribution
plan since it has no further obligations beyond these contributions.
iii) The Companys contribution under a defined Superannuation Plan to
the trust established for this purpose based on a specified percentage
of salary of eligible employees is charged to Profit and Loss Account.
The Company has categorised Superannuation Plan as a defined
contribution plan since it has no further obligations beyond these
contributions.
iv) The Companys liability towards gratuity and compensated absences,
being defined benefit plans is accounted for on the basis of an
independent actuarial valuation done at the year end and actuarial
gains / losses are charged to the Profit and Loss Account. Gratuity
liability is funded by payments to the trust established for the
purpose.
h) Revenue recognition
i) Revenue from software development with respect to time and material
contracts is recognised as related costs are incurred and services are
performed in accordance with the terms of specific contracts.
ii) Revenue from fixed price contracts are recognised based on the
milestones achieved as specified in the contracts and for interim
stages, until the next milestone is achieved, on the percentage of
completion basis.
iii) Revenue from sale of traded software licenses and traded hardware
is recognised on delivery to the customer.
iv) Cost and earnings in excess of billings are classified as unbilled
revenue while billings in excess of cost and earnings are classified as
unearned revenue.
v) Dividend income is recognized when the right to receive the dividend
is established.
vi) Interest income is recognized on time proportion basis.
i) Lease Rentals
Rent expense is recognised with reference to the terms of lease
agreement and other consideration in respect of operating leases on a
straight line basis. Assets given on operating lease are included under
fixed assets of the Company. Lease income is recognised on straight
line basis over the primary period of lease.
j) Taxes on Income
The provision for current taxation is computed in accordance with the
relevant tax regulations. Deferred tax is recognised on timing
differences between the accounting and taxable income for the year and
quantified using the tax rates and laws enacted or substantively
enacted as at the Balance Sheet date. Deferred tax assets in respect of
unabsorbed depreciation and carry forward losses under tax laws are
recognised and carried forward to the extent there is virtual certainty
supported by convincing evidence that sufficient future taxable income
will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be
realised in future. Other deferred tax assets are recognised only to
the extent there is a reasonable certainty of realisation in future.
Such assets are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date to reassess
realisation.
Tax credit is recognized in respect of Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) as
per the provisions of Section 115 JAA of the Income Tax Act, 1961 based
on convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax
within statutory time frame and is reviewed at each Balance Sheet date.
k) Provisions and contingent liabilities
Provisions are recognised in the financial statements in respect of
present probable obligations, for amounts which can be reliably
estimated.
Contingent Liabilities are disclosed in respect of possible obligations
that arise from past events, whose existence would be confirmed by the
occurrence or non occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not
wholly within the control of the Company.
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