1) ACCOUNTING CONVENTION
The accompanying financial statements have been prepared following the
going concern concept, on historical cost basis unless otherwise stated
and conform to the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) in
India, which encompasses applicable statutory provisions, regulatory
norms prescribed by the Reserve Bank of India, Accounting Standards
(AS) and pronouncements issued by The Institute of Chartered
Accountants of India and accounting practices prevalent in the banking
industry in India. In respect of foreign offices/branches, statutory
provisions & accounting practices prevailing in the respective foreign
countries are complied with.
The preparation of financial statements requires the management to make
estimates and assumptions considered in the reported amount of assets
and liabilities (including contingent liabilities) as of date of the
financial statements and the reported income and expenses for the
reporting period. Management believes that the estimates used in the
preparation of the financial statements are prudent and reasonable.
2) TRANSACTIONS INVOLVING FOREIGN EXCHANGE:
Accounting for transactions involving foreign exchange is done in
accordance with Accounting Standard (AS) 11, “The Effect of Changes in
Foreign Exchange Rates” issued by The Institute of Chartered
Accountants of India.
2.1 Translation in respect of Integral Foreign operations:
i) Indian branches having foreign currency transactions have been
classified as integral foreign operations.
ii) Monetary Foreign currency assets and liabilities are translated at
the closing rates notified by Foreign Exchange Dealers Association of
India (FEDAI) at the year end and non-monetary items are translated at
the rates prevailing on the transaction date.
iii) Acceptances, endorsements, other obligations and guarantees in
foreign currencies are carried at the closing rates notified by FEDAI
at the year end. Exchange differences arising on settlement and
translation of monetary items at the end of the financial year are
recognised as income or expenses in the period in which they arise.
2.2 Translation in respect of Non-Integral Foreign operations:
Foreign branches are classified as non-integral foreign operations and
their financial statements are translated as follows:
i) Assets and Liabilities (both monetary and non- monetary as well as
contingent liabilities) are translated at the closing rates notified by
FEDAI at the year end.
ii) Income and expenses are translated at the quarterly average closing
rates notified by FEDAI at the end of respective quarter.
iii) All resulting exchange differences are accumulated in a separate
account ‘Foreign Currency Translation Reserve till the disposal of the
net investments in the respective foreign branches.
2.3 Forward Exchange Contracts:
In accordance with the guidelines of FEDAI and the provisions of AS-11,
outstanding forward exchange contracts in each currency are revalued at
the Balance Sheet date at the corresponding forward rates for the
residual maturity of the contract. The difference between revalued
amount and the contracted amount is recognized as profit or loss, as
the case may be.
Gains/Losses on account of changes in exchange rates of open position
in currency futures trades are settled with the exchange clearing house
on daily basis and such gains/losses are recognised in the Profit and
Loss account.
3) INVESTMENTS:
Investments are classified under `Held to Maturity, ‘Held for Trading
and ‘Available for Sale categories as per Reserve Bank of India (RBI)
guidelines. In conformity with the requirements in Form A of the Third
Schedule to the Banking Regulation Act, 1949, these are classified
under six groups – Government Securities, Other Approved Securities,
Shares, Debentures and Bonds, Investments in Subsidiaries/ Joint
Ventures and Other Investments.
3.1 Basis of classification
Classification of an investment is normally done at the time of its
acquisition:
(a) Held to Maturity
These comprise investments the Bank intends to hold on to maturity.
(b) Held for Trading
Investments acquired with the intention to trade within 90 days from
the date of purchase are classified under this head.
(c) Available for Sale
Investments which are not classified either as “Held to Maturity” or as
“Held for Trading” are classified under this head.
3.2 Method of valuation
Investments are valued in accordance with the RBI guidelines.
(a) Held to Maturity
Investments included in this category are carried at their acquisition
cost. Premium, if any, paid on acquisition is amortised using constant
yield method over the remaining period of maturity.
(b) Held for Trading / Available for Sale
1. Investments under these categories are valued scrip-wise.
Appreciation / depreciation is aggregated for each class of securities
and net depreciation as per applicable norms is recognised in the
Profit and Loss account, whereas net appreciation is ignored.
2. For the purpose of valuation of quoted investments in ”Held for
Trading” and “Available for Sale” categories, the market rates / quotes
on the Stock Exchanges, the rates declared by Primary Dealers
Association of India (PDAI) / Fixed Income Money Market and Derivatives
Association (FIMMDA) are used. Investments for which such rates /
quotes are not available are valued as per norms laid down by Reserve
Bank of India, which are as under:
Government / on Yield to Maturity basis
Approved securities
Equity Shares, PSU at book value as per the latest
and Trustee shares Balance Sheet (not more than
12 months old), otherwise Rs. 1
per company.
Preference Shares on Yield to Maturity basis
PSU Bonds on Yield to Maturity basis with
appropriate credit spread mark-up
Units of Mutual Funds at the latest repurchase price /
NAV declared by the Fund in
respect of each scheme
Venture Capital Declared NAV or break up NAV
as per audited balance sheet
which is not more than 18 months
old. If NAV/ audited financials are
not available for more than 18
months continuously then at
Rs. 1/- per VCF
(c) Held at Foreign Branches
Investments held at foreign branches are carried at lower of the value
as per the statutory provisions prevailing at the respective foreign
countries or as per RBI guidelines issued from time to time.
(d) Transfer of Securities between Categories
The transfer of a security between categories specified in (a) to (c)
above are accounted for at the acquisition cost / book value /market
value on the date of transfer, whichever is the least, and the
depreciation, if any, on such transfer is fully provided for.
(e) Profit or loss on sale of investment
Profit or loss on sale of investments in any category is taken to
Profit and Loss account. However, in case of profit on sale of
investments under ‘Held to Maturity category, an equivalent amount net
of taxes and amount required to be transferred to Statutory Reserves is
appropriated to ‘Capital Reserve Account.
(f) Provisioning and income recognition - Non performing Investments
(NPIs):
In respect of non performing investments, income is not recognised and
provision is made for depreciation in value of such securities as per
Reserve Bank of India Guidelines.
(g) Repo / Reverse Repo
The Bank has adopted the Accounting Procedure prescribed by the RBI for
accounting of Repo and Reverse Repo transactions [other than
transactions under the Liquidity Adjustment Facility (LAF) with the
RBI]. The economic essence of repo transactions, viz., borrowing
(lending) of funds by selling (purchasing) securities is refected in
the books of repo participants, by accounting the same as
collateralized lending and borrowing transaction, with an agreement to
repurchase, on the agreed terms. Costs and revenues are accounted for
as interest expenditure / income, as the case may be. Balance in Repo/
Reverse Repo Account is adjusted against the balance in the Investment
Account.
Securities purchased/ sold under LAF with RBI are debited/ credited to
Investment Account and reversed on maturity of the transaction.
Interest expended / earned thereon is accounted for as expenditure /
revenue.
h) Derivative
The Bank presently deals in interest rate and currency derivatives. The
interest rate derivatives
dealt with by the Bank are Rupee Interest Rate Swaps, Foreign Currency
Interest Rate Swaps, Forward Rate Agreements and Interest Rate Futures.
Currency Derivatives dealt with by the Bank are Options, Currency Swaps
and Currency Futures.
Based on RBI guidelines, Derivatives are valued as under:
The hedge/non hedge (market making) transactions are recorded
separately. Hedging derivative are accounting on an accrual basis.
Trading derivative positions are marked to market (MTM) and the
resulting losses, if any, are recognised in the Profit & Loss Account.
Proft, if any, is ignored. Income and Expenditure relating to interest
rate swaps are recognised on the settlement date. Gains/ losses on
termination of the trading swaps are recorded on the termination date
as income/expenditure. Any gain/loss on termination of swap is deferred
and recognized over the shorter of the remaining contractual life of
the swap or the remaining life of the designated assets/liabilities.
4) ADVANCES:
(a) In terms of guidelines issued by the RBI, advances to borrowers are
classified into “Performing” or “Non-Performing” assets based on
recovery of principal/ interest. Non-Performing Assets (NPAs) are
further classified as Sub- Standard, Doubtful and Loss Assets.
(b) Provision for standard assets is made as per RBI norms.
(d) In respect of advances at foreign offices/branches, provision is
made as per the statutory requirements prevailing at the respective
foreign countries, or as per RBI guidelines, whichever is higher.
(e) Provisions in respect of NPAs, unrealised interest, ECGC claims
settled, etc., are deducted from total advances to arrive at net
advances as per RBI norms.
(f) In respect of Rescheduled/Restructured accounts, provision is made
for the sacrifice of interest/ diminution in the value of restructured
advances measured in present value terms as per RBI guidelines. The
said provision is reduced to arrive at Net advances.
(g) In case of financial assets sold to Asset Reconstruction Company
(ARC) / Securitisation Company (SC), if the sale is at a price below
the net book value (NBV), the shortfall is debited to the Profit and
Loss account. If the sale value is higher than the NBV, the surplus
provision is not reversed but will be utilised to meet the shortfall/
loss on account of sale of other financial assets to SC/ ARC.
5) FIXED ASSETS:
(a) Fixed assets are stated at historic cost, except in the case of
assets which have been revalued. The appreciation on revaluation is
credited to Revaluation Reserve.
(b) Cost of premises includes cost of land, both freehold and
leasehold.
6) DEPRECIATION ON FIXED ASSETS:
(i) Depreciation
(a) on assets (including revalued assets), is charged on the Written
Down Value at the rates determined by the Bank, except in respect of
computers where it is calculated on the Straight Line Method, at the
rates prescribed by the RBI;
(b) on additions is provided for the full year, irrespective of the
date on which the assets were put to use;
(c) is not provided in the year of sale/disposal of an asset;
(d) on the revalued portion of assets, is adjusted against the
Revaluation Reserve.
(ii) Where the cost of land and building cannot be separately
ascertained, depreciation is provided on the composite cost, at the
rate applicable to buildings.
(iii) Premium paid on leasehold land is amortised over the period of
lease.
v) Computer Software, not forming integral part of hardware, is
depreciated fully during the year of purchase.
vi) Depreciation on fixed assets outside India is provided as per the
regulatory requirements / or prevailing practices of respective country
/ industry.
7) REVENUE RECOGNITION:
(a) Income/Expenditure is generally accounted for on accrual basis,
except in the case of income on NPAs which is recognised on
realisation, in terms of the RBI guidelines issued from time to time.
(b) The recoveries made from NPA accounts are appropriated first
towards unrealised interest/ income, principal dues and thereafter
towards uncharged interest.
(c) Dividend Income, Commission on Government Business, Commission on
Third Party Products are accounted on actual realisation basis.
(d) Interest on Income-tax refunds is accounted for in the year of
receipt of the assessment order.
8) EMPLOYEE BENEFITS:
a) Contribution to the Provident Fund is charged to Profit and Loss
Account.
b) Contribution to recognised Gratuity Fund, Pension Fund and the
provision for encashment of accumulated leave and additional retirement
benefits are made on actuarial basis and charged to Profit and Loss
account.
c) The effect of transitional liability till 31.03.2007 as required by
Revised AS 15 has been recognised as an expense on straight line basis
over a period of five years.
d) The additional liability on account of reopening of pension option
for existing employees who had not opted for pension earlier and the
enhancement of gratuity limits as per Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972 has
been amortised over a
period of five years beginning with the financial year ending
31.03.2011.
9) LEASED ASSETS:
Lease Income is recognised based on the Internal Rate of Return method
over the primary period of the lease and is accounted for in accordance
with the Accounting Standard (AS) 19 on “Accounting for Leases”, issued
by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI).
10) EARNING PER SHARE:
Basic and Diluted earnings per equity share are reported in accordance
with the Accounting Standard (AS) 20 “Earnings per share” issued by the
Institute of Chartered Accountants of India. Basic earnings per equity
share are computed by dividing net profit by the weighted average
number of equity shares outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings
per equity share are computed using the weighted average number of
equity shares and dilutive potential equity shares outstanding during
the period.
11) TAXES ON INCOME
Income Tax comprises the current tax provision and net change in
deferred tax assets or liabilities during the year, in accordance with
the Accounting Standard (AS) 22, “Accounting for Taxes on Income”
issued by The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI).
Deferred Tax is recognised subject to consideration of prudence in
respect of items of income and expenses those arise at one point of
time and are capable of reversal in one or more subsequent years.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the tax rates
and tax laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the
balance sheet date.
12) IMPAIRMENT OF ASSETS
Impairment losses, if any on Fixed Assets (including revalued assets)
are recognised and charged to Profit and Loss account in accordance
with the Accounting Standard (AS) 28 “Impairment of Assets” issued by
The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India.
13) PROVISIONS, CONTINGENT LIABLITIES AND CONTINGENT ASSETS
As per the Accounting Standard (AS) 29 “Provisions, Contingent
Liabilities and Contingent Assets” issued by The Institute of Chartered
Accountants of India, the Bank recognises provisions only when it has a
present obligation as a result of a past event and it is probable that
an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to
settle the obligation and when a reliable estimate of the amount of the
obligation can be made.
Contingent Assets are not recognized in the financial statements since
this may result in the recognition of income that may never be
realised.
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