1. BASIS OF PREPARATION
The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost
convention unless otherwise stated. They conform to Generally Accepted
Accounting Principles (GAAP) in India, which comprises statutory
provisions, regulatory / Reserve Bank of India (RBI) guidelines,
Accounting Standards / guidance notes issued by the Institute of
Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) and the practices prevalent in
the banking industry in India. In respect of foreign offices, statutory
provisions and practices prevailing in respective foreign countries are
complied with.
2. USE OF ESTIMATES
The preparation of financial statements requires the management to make
estimates and assumptions considered in the reported amount of assets
and liabilites (including contingent liabilites) as of date of the
financial statements and the reported income and expenses for the
reporting period. Management believes that the estimates used in the
preparation of the financial statements are prudent and reasonable.
Future results could differ from these estimates. Any revision to the
accounting estimates is recognised prospectively in the current and
future periods unless otherwise stated.
3. INVESTMENTS
3.1 Classification
The Investment portfolio of the Bank is classified, in accordance with
the RBI guidelines, into:
a. “Held to Maturity” comprising Investments acquired with the
intention to hold them till maturity.
b. “Held for Trading” comprising Investments acquired with the
intention to trade.
c. “Available for Sale” comprising Investments not covered by (a) and
(b) above i.e. those which are acquired neither for trading purposes
nor for being held till maturity.
3.2 Basis of Classification
Investments classified as “Held to Maturity” are carried at weighted
average acquisition cost unless it is more than the face value, in
which case the premium is amortized over the period remaining to
maturity.
Investments classified as “Held to Maturity” includes debentures /
bonds which are deemed to be in the nature of / treated as advances
(for which provision is made by applying the RBI prudential norms of
assets classification and provisioning applicable to Advances).
Investments in Regional Rural Banks, Treasury Bills, Commercial Papers,
Indira Vikas Patras, Kisan Vikas Patras and Certificates of Deposit
which have been valued at carrying cost.
Investments in subsidiaries and joint ventures (both in India and
abroad) are valued at acquisition cost less diminution, other than
temporary in nature.
Bank’s investments in units of VCFs made after 23.08.2006 are
classified under HTM category for initial period of three years and are
valued at cost.
After period of three years from date of disbursement, it will be
shifted to AFS and marked-to-market as per RBI guidelines.
3.3 Acquisition Cost
Cost of acquisition of Investments is net of incentives, front-end fees
and commission.
3.4 Disposal of Investments
Profit / Loss on sale of Investments classified as “Held to Maturity”
is recognized in the Profit & Loss Account based on the weighted
average cost / book value of the related Investments and an amount
equivalent of profit on sale of Investments in “Held to Maturity”
classification is appropriated to Capital Reserve Account.
Profit/loss on sale of Investment in AFS/HFT category is recognized in
profit and loss account.
3.5 Valuation
Investments classified as “Held for Trading” and “Available for Sale”
are marked to market scrip- wise and the resultant net depreciation if
any, in each category disclosed in the Balance Sheet is recognized in
the Profit and Loss Account, while the net appreciation, if any, is
ignored.
Investments made by the Bank as Primary Dealer in Treasury Bills under
HFT category are marked-to- market on quarterly basis based on the
FIMMDA prices declared and the resultant net depreciation if any, is
recognized in the Profit and Loss Account, while the net appreciation,
if any, is ignored.
For the purpose of valuation of quoted investments in ”Held for
Trading” and “Available for Sale” categories, the market rates / quotes
on the Stock Exchanges, the rates declared by Primary Dealers
Association of India (PDAI) / Fixed Income Money Market and Derivatives
Association (FIMMDA) are used.
Investments for which such rates / quotes are not available are valued
as per norms laid down by RBI, which are as under :
a. Government / - on Yield to Maturity basis. Approved securities
b. Equity Shares, - at book value as per the
PSU and Trustee latest Balance Sheet (not shares more than 12
months old), otherwise Re.1 per company.
c. Preference
Shares - on Yield to Maturity basis.
with appropriate credit spread mark-up.
d. PSU Bonds - on Yield to Maturity basis
with appropriate credit spread mark-up.
e. Units of Mutual - at the latest repurchase price / NAV
Funds declared by the Fund in respect of
each scheme.
f. Venture Capital - Declared NAV or break up NAV as per audited
balance sheet which is not more than
18 months old. If NAV/ audited financials
are not available for more than 18 months
continuously then at Re. 1/- per VCF.
3.6 The Bank is following uniform methodology of accounting for
investments on settlement date basis.
3.7 In respect of Investments at Overseas Branches, RBI guidelines or
those of the host countries, whichever are more stringent are followed.
In case of those branches situated in countries where no guidelines are
specified, the guidelines of the RBI are followed.
3.8 The transfer of a security between these categories is accounted
for at the acquisition cost / book value / market value on the date of
transfer, whichever is the least, and the depreciation, if any, on such
transfer is fully provided for.
3.9 In respect of non-performing securities, income is not recognised,
and provision is made for depreciation in the value of such securities
as per RBI guidelines.
3.10 REPO / Reverse REPO
The Bank has adopted the Uniform Accounting Procedure prescribed by the
RBI for accounting of market Repo and Reverse Repo transactions [other
than the Liquidity Adjustment Facility (LAF) with the RBI]. Repo and
Reverse Repo Transactions are treated as Collaterised Borrowing /
Lending Operations with an agreement to Repurchase on the agreed terms.
Securities sold under Repo are continued to be shown under investments
and Securities purchased under Reverse Repo are not included in
investments. Costs and revenues are accounted for as interest
expenditure / income, as the case may be.
Securities purchased / sold under LAF with RBI are debited / credited
to investment Account and reversed on maturity of the transaction.
Interest expended / earned thereon is accounted for as expenditure /
revenue.
3.11 Derivatives
The Bank presently deals in interest rate and currency derivatives. The
interest rate derivatives dealt with by the Bank are Rupee Interest
Rate Swaps, Foreign Currency Interest Rate Swaps and forward rate
agreements. Currency Derivatives dealt with by the Bank are Options and
Currency swaps.
Based on RBI guidelines, Derivatives are valued as under:
The hedge / non-hedge (market making) transactions are recorded
separately. Hedging derivative are accounted on an accrual basis.
Trading derivative positions are marked-to-market (MTM) and the
resulting losses, if any, are recognized in the Profit and Loss
Account. Profit, if any, is ignored. Income and Expenditure relating to
interest rate swaps are recognized on the settlement date. Gains /
losses on termination of the trading swaps are recorded on the
termination date as income / expenditure.
For the purpose of valuation, the fair value of the total swap is
computed on the basis of the amount that would be receivable or payable
on termination of the transactions of the swap agreements as on the
Balance Sheet date. Losses arising there from, if any, are fully
provided for while the profits, if any, are ignored.
Contingent Liabilities on account of derivative contracts denominated
in foreign currencies are reported at closing rates of exchange
notified by FEDAI at the Balance Sheet date.
4. ADVANCES
4.1 Advances in India are classified as Standard, Sub- standard,
Doubtful or Loss assets and Provision for losses are made on these
assets as per the Prudential Norms of the RBI. In respect of Advances
made in overseas branches, Advances are classified in accordance with
stringent of the Prudential Norms prescribed by the RBI or local laws
of the host country in which advances are made.
4.2 Advances are net of specific loan loss provisions, interest
suspense, amount received and held in suit- filed Sundry Deposits and
Claims Received.
4.3 In respect of Rescheduled / Restructured accounts, Provision for
dimunition in fair value of restructured advances is measured in
present value terms as per RBI guidelines.
4.4 In case of financial assets sold to Asset Reconstruction Company
(ARC) / Securitization Company (SC), if the sale is at a price below
the net book value (NBV), (i.e. Book value less provisions held) the
shortfall is debited to the profit and loss account. If the sale value
is higher than the NBV, the surplus provision is not reversed but is
utilised to meet the shortfall /loss on account of Sale of other
non-performing financial assets.
5. FIXED ASSETS
5.1 Premises and other Fixed Assets are stated at historical cost
except revalued premises. The appreciation on such revaluation is
credited to Capital Reserve and the depreciation provided thereon is
deducted therefrom.
5.2 Premises includes land & building under construction.
6. RESERVES AND SURPLUS
Revenue and other Reserves include Statutory Reserves created by
foreign branches as per applicable local laws of the respective
countries.
7. REVENUE RECOGNITION
7.1 Income / expenditure is recognised on accrual basis, unless
otherwise stated. In case of foreign offices, income/ expenditure is
recognised as per the local laws of the country in which the respective
foreign office is located.
7.2 In view of uncertainty of collection of income in cases of
Non-performing Assets/Investments, such income is accounted for only on
realisation in terms of the RBI guidelines.
7.3 Income by way of Fees, Commission other than on Government
business, Commission on Guarantees, LCs, Exchange, Brokerage and
Interest on Advance Bills are accounted for on realisation basis.
Dividend on
shares in Subsidiaries, joint ventures and associates is accounted on
actual realisation basis.
7.4 Lease payments including cost escalation for assets taken on
operating lease are recognised in the Profit & Loss Account over the
lease term in accordance with the AS 19 (Leases) issued by ICAI.
8. EMPLOYEE BENEFITS
8.1 PROVIDENT FUND
Provident fund is a defined contribution scheme as the Bank pays fixed
contribution at pre-determined rates.The obligation of the Bank is
limited to such fixed contribution. The contributions are charged to
Profit & Loss A/c.
8.2 GRATUITY
Gratuity liability is a defined benefit obligation and is provided for
on the basis of an actuarial valuation made at the end of the financial
year. The scheme is funded by the bank and is managed by a separate
trust.
8.3 PENSION
Pension liability is a defined benefit obligation and is provided for
on the basis of an actuarial valuation made at the end of the financial
year. The scheme is funded by the bank and is managed by a separate
trust.
8.4 COMPENSATED ABSENCES
Accumulating compensated absences such as Privilege Leave (PL) and Sick
Leave (including un- availed casual leave) is provided for based on
actuarial valuation.
8.5 OTHER EMPLOYEE BENEFITS
Other Employee benefits such as Leave Fare Concession (LFC), Medical
Benefits etc. are provided for based on actuarial valuation.
In respect of overseas branches and offices, the benefits in respect of
employees other than those on deputation are accounted for as per laws
prevailing in the respective territories.
9. DEPRECIATION
9.1 Depreciation on Fixed Assets in India [other than those referred to
in Para 9.3 & 9.4 below] is provided on the written down value method
in accordance with Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956, except in
case of revalued assets, in respect of which higher depriciation is
provided on the basis of estimated useful life of these revalued
assets.
9.2 Depreciation on Fixed Assets outside India except [other than those
referred to in Para 9.3 below] is provided as per local laws or
prevailing practices of the respective territories.
9.3 Depreciation on Computers in and oustside India is provided on
Straight Line Method at the rate of 33.33%, as per the guidelines of
RBI. Computer software not forming an integral part of hardware is
depreciated fully during the year of purchase.
9.4 Depreciation on ATMs is provided on Straight Line Method at the
rate of 20%.
9.5 Depreciation on additions is provided for full year and no
depreciation is provided in the year of sale / disposal.
9.6 Cost of leasehold land & leasehold improvements are amortised over
the period of lease.
10. IMPAIRMENT OF ASSETS
Impairment losses (if any) on Fixed Assets (including revalued assets)
are recognised in accordance with the AS 28 (Impairment of Assets)
issued by the ICAI and charged off to Profit and Loss Account.
11. FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS:
11.1 Accounting for transactions involving foreign exchange is done in
accordance with AS 11 (The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange
Rates), issued by ICAI.
11.2 As stipulated in AS 11, the foreign currency operations of the
Bank are classified as
a) Integral Operations and
b) Non Integral Operations. All Overseas Branches, Offshore Banking
Units, Overseas Subsidiaries are treated as Non Integral Operations and
domestic operations in foreign exchange and Representative Offices are
treated as Integral Operations.
11.3 Translation in respect of Integral Operations:
a. The transactions are initially recorded on weekly average rate as
advised by FEDAI.
b. Foreign Currency Assets and Liabilities (including contingent
liabilities) are translated at the closing spot rates notified by FEDAI
at the end of each quarter.
c. The resulting exchange differences are recognized as income or
expenses and are accounted through Profit & Loss Account. Any reversals
/ payment of foreign currency assets & liabilities is done at the
weekly average closing rate of the preceding week and the difference
between the outstanding figure and the amount for which reversal /
payment is made, is reflected in profit and loss account.
d. Foreign exchange spot and forward contracts outstanding as at the
balance sheet date and held for trading, are revalued at the closing
spot and forward rates respectively notified by FEDAI and at
interpolated rates for contracts of interim maturities. The resulting
forward valuation profit or loss is included in the Profit and Loss
Account.
11.4 Translation in respect of Non Integral Operations:
a. Assets and Liabilities are translated at the closing spot rates
notified by FEDAI at the end of each quarter.
b. Foreign Exchange Spot and Forward contingent liabilities
outstanding as at the balance sheet date are translated at the closing
spot and forward rates respectively notified by FEDAI and at
interpolated rates for contracts of interim maturities.
c. Income and Expense are translated at quarterly average rate
notified by FEDAI at the end of each quarter.
d. The resulting exchange differences are not recognized as income or
expense for the period but accumulated in a separate account ”Foreign
Currency Translation Reserve” till the disposal of the net investment
in the respective foreign branches.
11.5 Forward Exchange Contracts
In accordance with the guidelines of FEDAI and the provisions of AS 11,
Foreign exchange spot and forward contracts outstanding as at the
balance sheet date and held for trading, are revalued at the closing
spot and forward rates respectively notified by FEDAI and at
interpolated rates for contracts of interim maturities. The resulting
forward valuation profit or loss is included in the Profit and Loss
Account.
12. TAXES ON INCOME
This comprise of provision for Income tax and deferred tax charge or
credit (reflecting the tax effects of timing differences between
accounting income and taxable income for the period) as determined in
accordance with AS 22 (Accounting for taxes on Income) issued by ICAI.
Deferred tax is recognised subject to consideration of prudence in
respect of items of income and expenses those arise at one point of
time and are capable of reversal in one or more subsequent periods.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax
rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which the
timing differences are expected to be reversed. The effect on deferred
tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognised in
the income statement in the period of enactment of the change
13. EARNINGS PER SHARE
The bank reports basic and diluted earnings per equity share in
accordance with the AS 20 (Earnings Per Share) issued in this regard by
the ICAI. Basic earnings per equity share has been computed by dividing
net income by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding
for the period. Diluted earnings per equity share has been computed
using the weighted average number of equity shares and dilutive
potential equity shares outstanding during the period.
14. PROVISIONS, CONTINGENT LIABILITIES AND CONTINGENT ASSETS
As per AS 29 (Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets)
issued in this regard by the ICAI, the Bank recognises provisions only
when it has a present obligation as a result of a past event, it is
probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will
be required to settle the obligation and when a reliable estimate of
the amount of the obligation can be made.
Contingent Assets are not recognised in the financial statements since
this may result in the recognition of income that may never be
realised.
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