1) System of Accounting
i) The Company follows the mercantile system of accounting and
recognises income and expenditure on an accrual basis except in case of
significant uncertainties.
ii) Financial Statements are prepared under the Historical cost
convention. These costs are not adjusted to refect the impact of
changing value in the purchasing power of money.
iii) Estimates and Assumptions used in the preparation of the financial
statements are based upon managements evaluation of the relevant facts
and circumstances as of the date of the Financial Statements, which may
differ from the actual results at a subsequent date.
2) Revenue recognition:
a) Sales:
i) Domestic Sales are accounted for on dispatch from the point of sale.
ii) Export sales are recognised on the date of the Mates
Receipt/shipped on board and initially recorded at the relevant
exchange rates prevailing on the date of the transaction.
b) Export Incentives:
Export incentives are accounted for on Export of Goods if the
entitlements can be estimated with reasonable accuracy and conditions
precedent to claim is fulfilled.
c) Income:
The Company recognises income on accrual basis. However, where the
ultimate collection of the same lacks reasonable certainty, revenue
recognition is postponed to the extent of uncertainty.
(1) Interest income is accrued over the period of the loan/investment
and net of amortisation of premium/discount with respect to fixed
income securities, thereby recognising the implicit yield to maturity,
with reference to coupon dates. However, income is accrued only where
interest is serviced regularly and is not in arrears, as per the
guidelines framed by the management.
(2) Dividend is accrued in the year in which it is declared whereby a
right to receive is established.
(3) Profit/loss on sale of investments is recognised on the contract
date.
(4) Benefit on account of entitlement to import goods free of duty
under the “Duty Entitlement Pass Book Scheme” is accounted in the year
of export if the same can be measured with reasonable accuracy.
3) Fixed Assets and Depreciation
(A) Fixed Assets
Fixed Assets except freehold land are carried at cost of acquisition,
construction or at manufacturing cost, as the case may be, less
accumulated depreciation and amortisation.
(B) Depreciation and Amortisation:
(a) Leasehold land:
Premium on leasehold land is amortised over the period of lease.
(b) On Plant & Machinery given on Lease:
Depreciation on Plant & Machinery and Dies and Moulds given on lease is
being provided at the rates worked out on Straight Line Method over the
primary period of lease as stated in the Lease Agreement or at the
rates specified in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956 whichever is
higher, on pro-rata basis with reference to the month of commencement
of lease period. These dies have been fully written of.
(c) On Pressure Die Casting (PDC) Dies:
Depreciation on certain PDC Dies is provided over the estimated
economic life of the dies or at the rates specified in Schedule XIV to
the Companies Act, 1956, whichever is higher, proportionate from the
month they are put to use.
(d) On other Fixed Assets
Depreciation on all assets is provided on Straight Line basis in
accordance with the provisions of Section 205 (2) (b) of the Companies
Act 1956, in the manner and at the rates specified in Schedule XIV to
the said Act.
i. Depreciation on additions is being provided on prorata basis from
the month of such additions.
ii. Depreciation on assets sold, discarded or demolished during the
year is being provided at their rates upto the month in which such
assets are sold, discarded or demolished.
4) Intangible Assets
a) Technical know-how acquired
Expenditure on technical know-how acquired (including Income-tax and R&
D cess) is being amortised equally over a period of six years.
b) Technical know-how developed by the company
i) Expenditure incurred on know-how developed by the company, post
research stage, is recognised as an intangible asset, if and only if
the future economic benefits attributable are probable to flow to the
company and the costs can be measured reliably.
ii) The cost of Technical Know-how developed is amortised equally over
its estimated life i.e. generally three years.
5) Investments
a) Fixed income securities remaining with the company on vesting of the
manufacturing undertaking of erstwhile Bajaj Auto Limited, are carried
at their fair market values as at 1 April 2007 where the carrying costs
of such investments were higher on that date, less amortisation of
premium/discount thereafter, as the case may be.
b) Other Fixed income securities are carried at cost, less amortisation
of premium/discount, as the case may be, and provision for diminution,
if any, as considered necessary.
c) Investments other than fixed income securities are valued at cost of
acquisition, less provision for diminution as necessary.
d) Investments made by the Company are, generally, of a long-term
nature, hence diminutions in value of quoted and unquoted investments
are not considered to be of a permanent nature. However, current
investments, representing fixed income securities with a maturity less
than 1 year and investment not intended to be held for a period more
than 1 year, are stated at lower of cost or fair value.
e) The management has laid out guidelines for the purpose of assessing
likely impairments in investments and for making provisions based on
given criteria. Appropriate provisions are accordingly made, which in
the opinion of the management are considered adequate.
6) Inventories
Cost of inventories have been computed to include all costs of
purchases, cost of conversion and other costs incurred in bringing the
inventories to their present location and condition.
a) Finished stocks, Auto spare parts and Work-in-progress are valued at
cost or net realisable value whichever is lower. Finished stocks lying
in the factory premises, Branches, Depots are valued inclusive of
excise duty.
b) Stores and Tools are valued at cost arrived at on weighted average
basis However, obsolete and slow moving items are valued at cost or
estimated realisable value whichever is lower.
c) Raw materials and components are valued at cost arrived at on
weighted average basis or lower of cost and net realisable value, as
circumstances demand. However, obsolete and slow moving items are
valued at cost or estimated realisable value whichever is lower.
d) Machinery spares and Maintenance materials are charged out as
expense in the year of purchase. However, Machinery spares forming key
components specific to a machinery and held as insurance spares are
capitalized along with the cost of the Asset.
e) Goods in transit are stated at actual cost incurred upto the date of
Balance Sheet.
7) Foreign Currency Transactions
a) Current Assets and Liabilities in foreign currency outstanding at
the close of financial year are revalorised at the appropriate exchange
rates prevailing at the close of the year.
b) The gain or loss on decrease/increase in reporting currency due to
fluctuations in foreign exchange rates, in case of current assets and
liabilities in foreign currency, are recognised in the profit and loss
account in the manner detailed in note 5 (d) in Schedule 14 to the
accounts.
c) Fixed Assets purchased at Overseas Branches in foreign exchange are
recorded at their historical cost computed with reference to the
average rate of foreign exchange remitted to the Branch.
d) Foreign Exchange Contracts/Derivatives:
i) Profits and losses arising from either cancellation or utilization
of contracts are recognised in the profit and loss account as detailed
in note 5 (d) in Schedule 14 to the accounts.
ii) Losses & gains of outstanding foreign exchange
contracts/derivatives to hedge highly probable forecast transactions,
if determined effective, as per the principles of hedge accounting,
recognised in the “Hedge Reserve” and to ultimately flow into the
profit and loss account when the underlying transactions occur. Losses
on ineffective hedging instruments are recognised in the profit and
loss account. Refer note 10 Schedule 14 to the accounts.
8) Research & Development Expenditure
Research & Development Expenditure is charged to revenue under the
natural heads of account in the year in which it is incurred. Payments
for R&D work by contracted agency are being expensed out upto the stage
of completion. However, expenditure incurred at development phase,
where it is reasonably certain that outcome of research will be
commercially exploited to yield economic benefits to the company, is
considered as an Intangible asset and accounted in the manner specified
in clause 4b) above.
9) Employee Benefits
a) Privilege Leave entitlements
Privilege leave entitlements are recognised as a liability, in the
calendar year of rendering of service, as per the rules of the company.
As accumulated leave can be availed and/or encashed at any time during
the tenure of employment the liability is recognised at the actuarially
determined value by an Appointed Actuary.
b) Gratuity
Payment for present liability of future payment of gratuity is being
made to approved Gratuity Fund, which fully covers the same under Cash
Accumulation Policy of the Life Insurance Corporation of India.
However, any deficit in Plan Assets managed by LIC as compared to the
actuarial liability, determined by an appointed actuary, is recognised
as a liability immediately.
c) Superannuation
Defined Contribution to Superannuation fund is being made as per the
Scheme of the Company.
d) Provident Fund Contributions are made to Companys Provident Fund
Trust. Deficits, if any, of the fund as compared to aggregate liability
is additionally contributed by the company and recognised as an
expense.
e) Defined Contribution to Employees Pension Scheme 1995 is made to
Government Provident Fund Authority.
10) Tax
a) Provision for Tax is made for the current accounting period
(reporting period) on the basis of the taxable profits computed in
accordance with the Income Tax Act, 1961.
b) Deferred Tax resulting from timing difference between book profits
and taxable profits are accounted for to the extent deferred tax assets
and liabilities are expected to crystalise with reasonable certainty.
However, deferred tax assets, representing unabsorbed depreciation or
carried forward losses, are recognised, if and only if there is virtual
certainty that there would
be adequate future taxable income against which such deferred tax
assets can be realised. Deferred tax is recognised on adjustments to
revenue reserves to the extent the adjustments are allowable as
deductions in determination of taxable income and they would reverse
out in future periods.
11) Provisions and Contingent Liabilities
The Company creates a provision when there is present obligation as a
result of a past event that probably requires an outflow of resources
and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. A
disclosure for a contingent liability is made when there is a possible
obligation or a present obligation that may, but probably will not,
require an outflow of resources. When there is a possible obligation or
a present obligation in respect of which the likelihood of outflow of
resources is remote, no provision or disclosure is made.
|