1) (a) Basis of preparation of financial statements
The financial statements have been prepared and presented under the
historical cost convention on the accrual basis of accounting in
accordance with the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in India
(Indian GAAP) and comply with the mandatory Accounting Standards
(AS) prescribed by Companies (Accounting Standard) Rules, 2006 and
the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956.The accounting
policies have been consistently applied by the Company and are
consistent with those used in the previous year unless otherwise
stated.
(b) Use of estimates
The preparation of financial statements is in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principles, which requires the management of the
Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported
amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of liabilities at the
date of the financial statements and the results of operations during
the reporting periods. Although these estimates are based upon
managements best knowledge of current events and actions, actual
results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates used
by management in the preparation of these financial statements include
the estimates of the economic useful lives of the fixed assets,
provisions for bad and doubtful debts, employee benefits, estimation of
revenue and project completion. Any revision to accounting estimates
are recognised prospectively.
3) Significant accounting policies
i. Revenue recognition
The Company derives its revenues primarily from engineering design
services. Service income comprises of income from time-and-material and
fixed-price contracts. Revenue from time-and-material contracts is
recognised in accordance with the terms of the contracts with clients.
Revenue from fixed-price contracts is recognised using the percentage
of completion method, calculated as the proportion of the efforts
incurred up to the reporting date to the estimated total efforts.
Provisions for estimated losses on incomplete contracts are recorded in
the period in which such losses become probable based on the current
contract estimates.Revenue from the software development priced on
time and materials basis is recognised when the services are rendered
and related costs are incurred.Unbilled receivables represent costs
incurred and revenue recognized on amounts to be billed in subsequent
periods as per contractual terms. The related billings are made within
the next operating cycle.Interest income is recognised on a time
proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the
rate applicable.Dividend on investments is recognised when the right to
receive dividend is established.
ii. Fixed assets and depreciation/amortisation
a) Tangible
Fixed assets are carried at the cost less accumulated depreciation and
impairment losses. The cost of fixed assets comprises its purchase
price and other costs attributable to bringing such assets to its
working condition for its intended use. Advances paid towards the
acquisition of fixed assets outstanding at each Balance Sheet date and
the cost of fixed assets not ready for their intended use before such
date are disclosed as capital work-in-progress. Expenditure on account
of modification / alteration in fixed assets, which increases the
future benefit from the existing asset beyond its previous assessed
standard of performance, is capitalised.
b) Intangible
Intangible asset comprises of non-compete fee, software and goodwill,
is stated at cost less accumulated amortisation and impairment losses.
c) Depreciation and amortisation
Depreciation on fixed assets is provided on straight line method at
rates which are either greater than or equal to the corresponding rates
in Schedule XIV to the Act, based on the managements estimates of
useful life, as follows:
Depreciation/amortisation is charged on a proportinate basis for all
the assets purchased and sold during the year. Fixed assets
individually costing less than Rs. 5,000 are fully depreciated in the
year of purchase.
Assets under capital lease are amortised over their estimated useful
life or the lease term whichever is lower. Non-compete fee is
amortised over the period of expected benefit. Goodwill on amalgamation
is being amortised over a period of 5 years.
iii. Impairment of assets
The Company assesses at each Balance Sheet date whether there is any
indication that an asset may be impaired. If any such indication
exists, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of the asset. If
such recoverable amount of the asset or the recoverable amount of the
cash generating unit to which the asset belongs is less than its
carrying amount, the carrying amount is reduced to its recoverable
amount. The reduction is treated as an impairment loss and is
recognised in the Profit and Loss Account. If at the Balance Sheet date
there is an indication that if a previously assessed impairment loss no
longer exists, the recoverable amount is reassessed and the asset is
reflected at the recoverable amount subject to a maximum of depreciated
historical cost.
iv. Investments
Investments that are readily realisable and intended to be held for not
more than one year are classified as current investments. All other
investments are classified as long-term investments. Current
investments are carried at lower of cost and fair value determined on
an individual investment basis. Long-term investments are carried at
cost. However, provision for dimunition in value is made to recognise
a decline other than temporary in the value of the long-term
investments.
v. Borrowing costs
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction
or production of qualifying assets are capitalised as part of assets.
Other borrowings cost are recognized as an expense in the period in
which they are incurred.
vi. Foreign currency transactions
Foreign currency transactions are recorded at the exchange rate
prevailing on the date of the transaction. Differ- ences arising out of
foreign currency transactions settled during the year are recognised in
the profit and loss account.Monetary items outstanding at the balance
sheet date and denominated in foreign currencies are recorded at the
exchange rate prevailing at the end of the year. Differences arising
there from are recognised in the profit and loss account.Non-monetary
items which are carried in terms of historical cost denominated in a
foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate at the date of
the transaction; and non-monetary items which are carried at fair value
or other similar valuation denominated in a foreign currency are
reported using the exchange rates that existed when the values were
determined.Investments in foreign companies are recorded at the
exchange rate prevailing on the date of making the respective
investments.
vii. Employee benefits
Expenses and liabilities in respect of employee benefits are recorded
in accordance with Accounting Standard 15 Employee Benefits.
Provident fund
The Company contributes to the statutory provident fund of the Regional
Provident Fund Commissioner, in accor- dance with Employees provident
fund and Miscellaneous Provision Act, 1952. The plan is a defined
contribution plan and contribution paid or payable is recognised as an
expense in the period in which the employee renders services.
Gratuity
Gratuity is a post employment benefit and is a defined benefit plan.
The liability recognised in the Balance Sheet represents the present
value of the defined benefit obligation at the Balance Sheet date, less
the fair value of plan assets (if any), together with adjustment for
unrecognised actuarial gains or losses and past service cost. Indepen-
dent actuaries using the Projected Unit Credit Method calculate the
defined benefit obligation annually.
Actuarial gains or losses arising from experience adjustments and
changes in actuarial assumptions are credited or charged to the Profit
and Loss Account in the year in which such gains or losses arises.
Compensated Absences
The Company also provides benefit of compensated absences under which
un-availed leave are allowed to be accumulated to be availed in future.
The scheme is considered as a long term benefit. The compensated
absences comprises of vesting as well as non vesting benefit and the
liability is determined in accordance with the rules of the Company and
is based on actuarial valuations made on projected unit method at the
balance sheet date for the balance.
viii. Income taxes
Current tax
Provision is made for income tax under the tax payable method, based on
the liability computed, after taking credit for allowances and
exemptions. Minimum Alternative Tax (MAT) paid in accordance with the
tax laws which gives rise to future economic benefits in the form of
adjustments of future income tax liability, is considered as an asset
if there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal tax
after the tax holiday period. MAT credit entitle- ment can be carried
forward and utilised for a period of ten years from the year in which
the same is availed. Accordingly, it is recognised as an asset in the
balance sheet when it is probable that the future economic benefit
associated with it will flow to the Company and the asset can be
measured reliably. Tax expenses comprise both current and deferred
taxes.
Deferred tax
Deferred tax charge or credit reflects the tax effect of timing
differences between accounting income and taxable income for the
period. The deferred tax charge or credit and the corresponding
deferred tax liabilities or assets are recognised using the tax rates
that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the Balance Sheet
date. Deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent there is
reasonable certainty that the assets can be realised in future;
however, where there is unabsorbed depreciation or carried forward loss
under taxation laws, deferred tax assets are recognised only if there
is a virtual certainty of realisation of such assets. Deferred tax
assets are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date and written down or
written-up to reflect the amount that is reasonably / virtually certain
(as the case may be) to be realised.
Unrecognised deferred tax assets of earlier years are re-assessed and
recognised to the extent that it has become reasonably certain that
future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax
assets can be realised.
ix. Provisions and contingent liabilities
The Company creates a provision when there is a present obligation as a
result of a past event that probably requires an outflow of resources
and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. A
disclosure for a contingent liability is made when there is a possible
obligation or a present obligation that may but probably will not
require an outflow of resources. Disclosure is also made in respect of
a present obligation that probably requires an outflow of resources,
where it is not possible to make a reliable estimate of the related
outflow. Where there is a present obligation in respect of which the
likelihood of outflow of resources is remote, no provision or
disclosure is made.Contingent assets are not recognised in the
financial statements. However, contingent assets are assessed con-
tinually and if it is virtually certain that an inflow of economic
benefits will arise, the asset and related income are recognised in the
period in which the change occurs.
x. Leases
Lease where the lessor effectively retains substantively all the risks
and benefits of ownership of the leased assets are classified as
operating leases. Operatig lease payments are recognised as an expense
in the profit and loss account on a straight-line basis over the lease
term.Assets acquired on lease where the Company has substantially all
the risks and rewards of ownership are classified as finance leases.
Such assets are capitlised at the inception of the lease at the lower
of fair value or the present value of mnimum lease payments and a
liability is created for equivalent amount. Each lease rental paid is
allocated between the liability and the interest cost, so as to obtain
a constant periodic rate of interest on the outstanding liability for
each period. The resultant interest cost is charged to profit and loss
account on accrual basis.
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