a) Accounting Convention
The financial statements are based on historical cost and have been
prepared on the accrual concept of accounting under the historical cost
convention in accordance with the Generally Accepted Accounting
Principles and comply with the mandatory Accounting Standards as
applicable, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Companies
Act, 1956.
b) Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Indian GAAP
requires that the management makes estimates & assumptions that affect
the reported amount of Assets & Liabilities, disclosure of contingent
liabilities as at the date of financial statements & reported amounts
of Revenue & Expenses during the reported period. Actual results could
differ from those estimates.
c) Fixed Assets and Depreciation
(i) Fixed Assets
Fixed assets are stated at cost (net of CENVAT) less accumulated
depreciation. Cost includes all costs relating to the acquisition and
installation of fixed assets including interest on borrowings for
qualifying project / Fixed Asset till the date of Commercial Production
/ the assets are put in use.
Expenditure on reconditioning of machinery is capitalised where such
expenditure results in increase in the future benefits from the asset
and /or results in an extension of the useful life of the asset based
on technical assessment.
(ii) Depreciation
Depreciation on Buildings and Plant & Machinery is provided under the
Straight line method and on other assets under the Reducing balance
method at the rates specified in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act,
1956, based on technical estimates that indicate the useful lives would
be comparable with or higher than those arrived at using these rates
In cases where the useful lives are estimated to be lower than those
considered in determining the rates specified in that Schedule,
depreciation is provided under the Straight Line Method over the useful
lives of the assets as follows :
Reconditioned machinery and related expenditure
As specifically estimated and currently ranging between 3 and 13 years
Tools, Jig and Fixtures and Measuring gauges
As per technical evaluation of their useful life and currently ranging
from 1 ½ to 5 years.
Certain imported machinery
As As per technical evaluation of their useful life and currently
ranging between 4 to 15 Years
In case of diminution in value of the asset due to technological
reasons, the difference between written down value and estimated net
realisable value of assets is provided as depreciation in the year in
which it is ascertained. Assets costing less than Rs. 5,000/- is 100%
depreciated in the year of purchase.
d) Inventories
Raw material, stores & spares, work-in process and finished goods are
valued at the lower of cost and estimated realisable value. Cost of
materials is determined on Weighted Average basis. In the case of
work-in-process and finished goods, cost includes the cost of
conversion. Closing stock of Finished Goods includes liability towards
Excise duty payable on clearance of goods. Imported materials in
transit at the year-end are valued inclusive of customs duty.
e) Foreign Currency Transactions
Transactions in foreign currency are recorded on the basis of the
exchange rate prevailing as on the date of transaction. Monetary Assets
& Liabilities denominated in foreign currency at the balance sheet date
are translated into rupees at the exchange rate prevailing on that
date. Gains or Losses arising on settlement/restatement are charged to
the profit & loss account.
Premium in respect of Forward contract is accounted over the period of
the contract.
f) Revenue Recognition
Sales: - Sales are recognised on dispatch and transfer of underlying
risk & rewards as per contracted terms and are recorded at invoice
value, net of Sales Taxes, but including excise duties.
Export Incentives: - Export Incentives are accounted for on accrual
basis at the time of Export of Goods if the entitlements can be
estimated with reasonable accuracy and conditions precedents to claim
are fulfilled.
g) Research and Development
Revenue expenditure on Research and Development is charged to the
Profit and Loss Account in the year of incurrence.
h) Employee Benefits
(i) Short term employee benefits including salaries, social security
contributions, short term compensated absences(such as paid annual
leave) where the absences are expected to occur within twelve months
after the end of the period in which the employees render the related
employee service, profit sharing and bonuses payable within twelve
months after the end of the period in which the employees render the
related services and non monetary benefits (such as medical care) for
current employees are estimated and measured on an undiscounted basis.
(ii) Defined Contribution Plan
Company''s contributions paid / payable during the year to Provident
Fund, Superannuation Fund and Employee state insurance are recognised
in the Profit and Loss Account.
(iii) Defined Benefit Plan
Liabilities for gratuity funded in terms of a scheme administered by a
fund manager are determined by an independent actuarial valuation made
at the end of each financial year. Provision for liabilities pending
remittance to the fund is carried in the Balance Sheet.
Actuarial gain and losses are recognised immediately in the statement
of Profit and Loss Account as income or expense. Obligation is measured
at the present value of estimated future cash flows using a discounted
rate that is determined by reference to market yields at the Balance
Sheet date on Government bonds where the currency and terms of the
Government bonds are consistent with the currency and estimated terms
of the defined benefit obligation. (iv) Liability for Leave Encashment
is provided based on accumulated leave credit outstanding to the
employees as on the date of Balance Sheet.
i) Events Subsequent to the Balance Sheet Date
Events occurring after the balance sheet date, which have a material
impact on the financial affairs of the Company, are taken into
cognisance.
j) Prior Period and Extraordinary Items
Prior period and extraordinary items, and changes in accounting
policies, having a material impact on the financial affairs of the
Company are disclosed.
k) Income Tax
Income tax comprises the current tax provision, net change in the
deferred tax asset or liability in the year and Fringe Benefit Tax.
Provision for current tax is made taking into account the admissible
deductions/ allowances and is subject to revision based on the taxable
income for the fiscal year ending 31st March each year.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognised for the future tax
consequences of temporary differences between carrying values of the
assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and are measured
using enacted tax rates applicable on the Balance Sheet date. Deferred
tax assets are recognised subject to management''s judgment that
realisation is virtually certain.
The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax
rates is recognised in the income statement in the period of enactment
of the change.
l) Cash flow Statement
Cash Flow Statement has been prepared in accordance with the indirect
method prescribed in Accounting Standard 3.
m) Impairment of Assets
The carrying amounts of assets are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date
if there is any indication of impairment based on internal / external
factors. An asset is treated as impaired when the carrying cost of
assets exceeds its recoverable value. An impairment loss is charged to
Profit and Loss Account in the year in which an asset is identified as
impaired. The recoverable amount is greater of the asset''s net selling
price and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future
cash flows are discounted to the present value. A previously
recognised impairment loss is further provided or reversed depending on
changes in circumstances.
n) Earning Per Share
In determining the earning per share, the Company considers the net
profit after tax. The number of shares used in computing basic earnings
per share is the weighted average number of shares outstanding during
the period. The number of shares used in computing diluted earning per
share comprises the weighted average shares considered for deriving
basic earning per share and also the weighted average number of equity
shares that could have been issued on the conversion of all dilutive
potential equity shares. Dilutive potential equity shares are deemed
converted as of the beginning of the period unless issued at a later
date.
o) Provision & Contingencies
A Provision is recognised when an enterprise has a present obligation
as a result of past event; it is probable that an outflow of resources
will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of which a
reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are not discounted to its
present value and are determined based on best estimate required to
settle the obligation at the balance sheet date. These are reviewed at
each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best
estimates.
Warranty expenses are provided for in the year of sale based on
technical estimates. In addition, specific provision is also made
against customer claims for manufacturing defects, where necessary,
even though the same may pertain to prior years.
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