(a) Basis of Accounting:
The financial statements have been prepared and presented under the
historical cost convention on accrual basis of accounting to comply
with the accounting standards prescribed in the Companies (Accounting
Standards) Rules, 2006 and with the relevant provisions of the
Companies Act, 1956.
(b) Use of Estimates:
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Generally
Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) in India requires management to
make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of
assets and liabilities and the disclosures of contingent liabilities on
the date of financial statements.
2. Fixed Assets
(a) Fixed assets are carried at the cost of acquisition or
construction, less accumulated depreciation. The cost of fxed assets
includes taxes (other than those subsequently recoverable from tax
authorities), duties, freight and other directly attributable costs
related to the acquisition or construction of the respective assets.
Interest on borrowed funds directly attributable to the qualifying
assets up to the period such assets are put to use, is included in the
cost.
(b) Know-how related to plans, designs and drawings of buildings or
plant and machinery is capitalised under relevant asset heads.
(c) Depreciation on all fixed assets is provided under Straight Line
Method. The rates of depreciation prescribed in Schedule XIV to the
Companies Act, 1956 are considered as the minimum rates. If the
managements estimate of the useful life of a fixed asset at the time
of acquisition of the asset or of the remaining useful life on a
subsequent review is shorter than that envisaged in the aforesaid
schedule, depreciation is provided at a higher rate based on the
managements estimate of the useful life/remaining useful life.
Pursuant to this policy, depreciation on following category of assets
has been provided at rates which are higher than the corresponding
rates prescribed in Schedule XIV.
Information Technology Assets : 4 years
Scientific Research equipment : 8 years
Furniture and Fixtures : 8 years
Office equipment and Vehicles : 5 years
Godowns, Office and Roads situated within factory premises : 30 years
For Phthalic Anhydride and Pentaerythritol plants, depreciation is
provided on all eligible plant and machinery at rates applicable for
continuous process plants and for other plant and machinery
depreciation is provided on triple shifit basis.
Depreciation on tinting systems except computers, leased to dealers is
provided under Straight Line Method over the estimated useful life of
nine years as per technical evaluation. Depreciation on computers given
on lease is provided under Straight Line Method and at rates specified
under Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956.
Assets costing less than ^ 5,000 are fully charged to the profit and
loss account in the year of acquisition. Leasehold land and leasehold
improvements are amortised over the primary period of lease.
Purchase cost, user licence fees and consultancy fees for major
sofitware are amortised over a period of four years. Acquired Trade mark
is amortised over a period of five years.
(d) At Balance Sheet date, an assessment is done to determine whether
there is any indication of impairment in the carrying amount of the
Companys fixed assets. If any such indication exists, the assets
recoverable amount is estimated. An impairment loss is recognised
whenever the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable
amount.
An assessment is also done at each Balance Sheet date whether there is
any indication that an impairment loss recognised for an asset in prior
accounting periods may no longer exist or may have decreased. If any
such indication exists the assets recoverable amount is estimated. The
carrying amount of the fixed asset is increased to the revised estimate
of its recoverable amount so that the increased carrying amount does
not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined had no
impairment loss been recognised for the asset in prior years. A
reversal of impairment loss is recognised in the Profit and Loss
Account.
After recognition of impairment loss or reversal of impairment loss as
applicable, the depreciation charge for the asset is adjusted in future
periods to allocate the assets revised carrying amount, less its
residual value (if any), on straight line basis over its remaining
useful life.
3. Revenue Recognition
Revenue from sale of goods is recognised on transfer of all significant
risks and rewards of ownership to the buyer. The amount recognised as
sale is exclusive of sales tax/VAT and are net of returns. Sales are
stated gross of excise duty as well as net of excise duty; excise duty
being the amount included in the amount of gross turnover. The excise
duty related to the difference between the closing stock and opening
stock is recognised separately as part of ‘material cost.
Revenue from service is recognised on rendering of services to
customers.
Dividend income is recognised when the right to receive payment is
established.
Interest income is recognised on the time proportion basis.
4. Lease Accounting
Assets taken on operating lease:
Lease rentals on assets taken on operating lease are recognised as
expense in the Profit and Loss Account on an accrual basis over the
lease term.
Assets given on operating lease:
The Company has provided tinting systems to dealers on an operating
lease basis. Lease rentals are accounted on accrual basis in accordance
with the respective lease agreements.
5. Inventory
(a) Raw materials, work-in-progress, finished goods, packing materials,
stores, spares, traded Items and consumables are carried at the lower
of cost and net realisable value. The comparison of cost and net
realisable value is made on an Item-by-Item basis. Damaged,
unserviceable and inert stocks are suitably written down/ provided for.
(b) In determining cost of raw materials, packing materials, traded
Items, stores, spares and consumables, weighted average cost method is
used. Cost of inventory comprises all costs of purchase, duties, taxes
(other than those subsequently recoverable from tax authorities) and
all other costs incurred in bringing the inventory to their present
location and condition.
(c) Cost of finished goods and work-in-process includes the cost of raw
materials, packing materials, an appropriate share of fixed and
variable production overheads, excise duty as applicable and other
costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location
and condition. Fixed production overheads are allocated on the basis of
normal capacity of production facilities.
6. Investments
Long term investments are carried at cost. Provision for diminution in
the value of long-term investments is made only if such a decline is
other than temporary in the opinion of the management. Current
investments are carried at lower of cost and fair value. The comparison
of cost and fair value is done separately in respect of each category
of investments.
Profit or loss on sale of investments is determined on a
first-in-first-out (FIFO) basis.
7. Transactions in Foreign Currency
Transactions in foreign currency are recorded at the exchange rate
prevailing on the date of the transaction. Exchange differences arising
on foreign currency transactions settled during the year are recognised
in the Profit and Loss Account of the year.
Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies,
which are outstanding as at the year end are translated at the closing
exchange rate and the resultant exchange differences are recognised in
the Profit and Loss Account.
The premium or discount on forward exchange contracts is recognised
over the period of the contracts in the Profit and Loss Account.
8. Sundry Debtors
Sundry debtors are stated After writing off debts considered as bad.
Adequate provision is made for debts considered doubtful. Discounts
due, yet to be quantified at the customer level are included under the
head ‘Current Liabilities and Provisions.
9. Employee Benefits
A. Short Term Employee Benefits:
All employee benefits payable wholly within twelve months of rendering
the service are classified as short-term employee benefits and they are
recognised in the period in which the employee renders the related
service. The Company recognises the undiscounted amount of short-term
employee benefits expected to be paid in exchange for services rendered
as a liability (accrued expense) After deducting any amount already
paid.
B. Post-employment benefits:
(a) Defined contribution plans
Defined contribution plans are Provident Fund scheme, Employee State
Insurance scheme and Government administered Pension Fund scheme for
all employees and Superannuation scheme for eligible employees. The
Companys contribution to defined contribution plans are recognised in
the Profit and Loss Account in the financial year to which they relate.
The Company makes specified monthly contributions towards employee
provident fund to a Trust administered by the Company. The interest
payable by the trust to the beneficiaries every year is being notified
by the Government. The Company has an obligation to make good the
shortfall, if any, between the return on investments of the trust and
the notified interest rate.
(b) Defined benefit plans
(i) Defined benefit gratuity plan
The Company operates a defined benefit gratuity plan for employees. The
Company contributes to a separate entity (a fund), towards meeting the
Gratuity obligation.
(ii) Defined benefit pension plan
The Company operates a defined benefit pension plan for certain
specified employees and is payable upon the employee satisfying certain
conditions, as approved by the Board of Directors.
(iii) Defined Post Retirement Medical benefit plan
The Company operates a defined post retirement medical benefit plan for
certain specified employees and is payable upon the employee satisfying
certain conditions.
The cost of providing defined benefits is determined using the
Projected Unit Credit method with actuarial valuations being carried
out at each Balance Sheet date. Past service cost is recognised
immediately to the extent that the benefits are already vested, else is
amortised on a straight-line basis over the average period until the
amended benefits become vested.
The defined benefit obligations recognised in the Balance Sheet
represents the present value of the defined benefit obligation as
adjusted for unrecognised actuarial gains and losses and unrecognised
past service costs, and as reduced by the fair value of plan assets, if
applicable. Any defined benefit asset (negative defined benefit
obligations resulting from this calculation) is recognised representing
the unrecognised past service cost plus the present value of available
refunds and reductions in future contributions to the plan.
C. Other long term employee benefits
Entitlements to annual leave and sick leave are recognised when they
accrue to employees. Sick leave can only be availed while annual leave
can either be availed or encashed subject to a restriction on the
maximum number of accumulation of leave. The Company determines the
liability for such accumulated leaves using the Projected Accrued
Benefit method with actuarial valuations being carried out at each
Balance Sheet date.
10. Research and Development
(a) Capital expenditure is shown separately under respective heads of
fixed assets.
(b) Revenue expenses including depreciation are charged to Profit and
Loss account under the respective heads of expenses.
11. Provision for Taxation
Tax expense comprises of current tax (i.e. amount of tax for the period
determined in accordance with the Income Tax Act, 1961) and deferred
tax charge or credit (reflecting the tax effects of timing differences
between accounting income and taxable income for the period).
The deferred tax charge or credit and the corresponding deferred tax
liabilities or assets are recognized using the tax rates that have been
enacted or substantively enacted by the Balance Sheet date.
Deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent there is
reasonable certainty that the assets can be realised in future;
however, where there is unabsorbed depreciation or carry forward loss
under taxation laws, deferred tax assets are recognised only if there
is a virtual certainty of realisation of such assets. Deferred tax
assets are reviewed as at each Balance Sheet date to reassess
realisation.
12. Provisions and Contingencies
The Company creates a provision when there exists a present obligation
as a result of a past event that probably requires an outflow of
resources and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the
obligation. A disclosure for a contingent liability is made when there
is a possible obligation or a present obligation that may, but probably
will not require an outflow of resources. When there is a possible
obligation or a present obligation in respect of which likelihood of
outflow of resources is remote, no provision or disclosure is made.
13. Earnings Per Share
The Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share (EPS) is computed by
dividing the net profit After tax for the year by weighted average
number of equity shares outstanding during the year.
14. Proposed Dividend
Dividend recommended by the Board of directors is provided for in the
accounts, pending approval at the Annual General Meeting.
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