a. Basis of Preparation of Financial Statements
The financial statements are prepared as per historical cost convention
on accrual basis and comply with the provisions of the Companies Act,
1956, the generally accepted accounting principles in India and the
applicable accounting standards as notified by Companies (Accounting
Standard) Rules, 2006.
b. Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements requires estimates and
assumptions to be made that affect the reported amount of the assets
and liabilities on the date of the financial statements and the
reported amount of revenues and expenses during the reporting period.
Difference between the actual results and estimates are recognized in
the period in which the results are known/materialized.
c. Turnover
In line with generally accepted accounting practices, sales are
recognised when goods are supplied and are recorded net of Rebates,
Sales Tax.
Service income is recognized as per the terms of the contracts with
customers when the related services are performed, or the agreed
milestones are achieved.
d. Revenue Recognition
In accordance with the Companys accounting policy followed
consistently, all revenues are accounted when there is reasonable
certainty of its ultimate collection.
e. Expenditure
All general business expenditure is accounted in the year in which it
is incurred and provision is made for all known losses and expenses.
f. Fixed Assets
Fixed Assets are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation. Costs
include all costs relating to acquisition and installation of fixed
assets. Intangible assets represent product development expenses and
technology transfer stated at the valued amount and software stated
at cost.
g. Depreciation
Depreciation on fixed assets is provided on the straight line value
method at the rates prescribed under Schedule XIV to the Companies Act,
1956. Intangible assets are amortised over a period of five years,
being the expected
period of use. The leasehold land and leasehold improvements are
depreciated over the lease period.
h. Impairment of Assets
As asset is treated as impaired when the carrying cost of asset exceeds
its recoverable value. An impairment loss is charged to the Profit and
Loss Account in the year in which an asset is identified as impaired.
The impairment loss recognized in prior accounting period is reversed
if there has been change in the estimate of recoverable amount.
i. Investments
Long-term investments are valued at cost. Provision for diminution in
value of investments is made, if the diminution is of a nature other
than temporary. Current investments are valued at the lower of cost and
market value.
j. Inventory
Raw material, packaging material and stores and spare parts are carried
at cost. Cost includes purchase price, (those subsequently recoverable
by the enterprise from the concerned revenue authorities), freight
inwards and other expenditure incurred in bringing such inventories to
their present location and condition. In determining the cost, First In
First Out (FIFO) method is used.
Work in progress, manufactured finished goods and traded goods are
valued at the lower of cost and net realizable value. The comparison of
cost and net realisable value is made on an item by item basis. Cost of
work in progress and manufactured finished goods is determined on First
In First Out (FIFO) and comprises direct material, cost of conversion
and other costs incurred in bringing these inventories to their present
location and condition.
k. Excise Duty and Sales Tax/Value Added Tax
Excise duty is accounted on the basis of both, payments made in respect
of goods cleared as also provision made for goods lying in bonded
warehouses. Sales tax / Value added tax is charged to Profit and Loss
account.
I. Research and Development Expenses
Revenue expenditure on research and development is expensed out under
the respective heads of account in the year in which it is incurred.
Expenditure on development activities, whereby research findings are
applied to a plan or design for the production of new or substantially
improved products and processes,
is capitalised, if the cost can be reliably measured, the product or
process is technically and commercially feasible and the Company has
sufficient resources to complete the development and to use and sell
the asset. The expenditure capitalised includes the cost of materials,
direct labour and an appropriate proportion of overheads that are
directly attributable to preparing the asset for its intended use.
Other development expenditure is recognised in the Profit and Loss
account as an expense as incurred.
Capitalised development expenditure is stated at cost less accumulated
amortisation and impairment losses. Fixed assets used for research and
development are depreciated in accordance with the Companys policy.
Materials identified for use in research and development process are
carried as inventories and charged to Profit and Loss Account on
issuance of such materials for research and development activities.
m. Employee Retirement Benefits
a. Short term employee benefits are recognised as an expense at the
undiscounted amount in the profit and loss account of the year in which
the related service is rendered.
b. Post employment and other long term employee benefits are
recognised as an expense in the profit and loss account for the year in
which the employee has rendered services. The expense is recognised at
the present value of the amounts payable determined using actuarial
valuation techniques. Actuarial gains and losses in respect of post
employment and other long term benefits are charged to the profit and
loss account.
n. Borrowing Cost
Borrowing costs attributable to acquisition or construction of
qualifying assets are capitalized as part of the cost of such assets. A
qualifying asset is one that necessarily takes substantial period of
time to get ready for its intended use. All other borrowing costs are
charged to Profit and Loss account.
o. Foreign Currency Transactions
a. Transactions denominated in foreign currencies are recorded at spot
rates / average rates.
b. Monetary items denominated in foreign currencies at the year end
are restated at year end rates.
c. Non monetary foreign currency items are carried at cost.
d. In respect of branches, which are integral foreign operations, all
transactions are translated at rates prevailing on the date of
transaction or that approximates the actual rate on the date of
transaction. Branch monetary assets and liabilities are restated at the
year end rates.
e. Any income or expense on account of exchange difference either on
settlement or on translation is recognised in the profit and loss
account except in case of long term liabilities, where they relate to
acquisition of fixed assets, in which case they are adjusted to the
carrying cost of such assets.
p. Accounting for taxes on Income
Provision for current tax is made after taking into consideration
benefits admissible under the provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961.
Deferred tax on timing differences between taxable income and
accounting income is accounted for, using the tax rates and the tax
laws enacted or substantially enacted as on the balance sheet date.
Deferred tax assets is recognized and carried forward only to the
extent that there is a virtual certainty that the asset will be
realized in future.
q. Provision, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets
Provisions involving substantial degree of estimation in measurement
are recognized when there is a present obligation as a result of past
events and it is probable that there will be an outflow of resources.
Contingent Liabilities are not recognized but are disclosed in the
notes. Contingent Assets a;e neither recognized nor disclosed in the
financial statements.
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