(a) Accounting Convention
The Consolidated Financial Statements (CFS) comprises the financial
statement of Aptech Limited, (the Company) and its Subsidiaries,
Joint Ventures and Associate (hereinafter collectively referred to as
the the Group) are prepared under the historical cost convention, on
an accrual basis in compliance with all material aspects of the
applicable accounting standards in India and in accordance with the
requirements of the Companies Act, 1956. The accounting policies have
been consistently applied by the Company and are consistent with those
used in the previous year, unless otherwise mentioned in the notes. In
case of ACE EDUCACAO PROFISSIONAL do BRASIL S.A. (BRAZIL S.A) the
accounts are made in accordance with Brazilian Accounting Practices
(Brazil AP) which was converted by management as per Indian Generally
Accepted Accounting Principles (Indian GAAP).
(b) Accounting Estimates/Assumptions
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principles requires the management of the Group to
make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of
assets and liabilities and disclosure relating to the contingent
liabilities as at the date of the financial statements and reported
amounts of income and expenses during the year. Although, these
estimates/assumptions are based upon managements best knowledge of
current events and actions, actual results could differ from these
estimates.
(c) Principles of consolidation
i) The financials statements of the Aptech Limited and its subsidiary
companies have been combined on a line-by-line basis by adding together
the book values of like items of assets, liabilities, income and
expenses, after eliminating intra-group balances and transactions as
per Accounting Standard (AS) 21 Consolidated Financial Statements.
ii) Interests in Joint controlled entities, where the Company is direct
venture, are accounted using the proportionate consolidation method as
per AS 27 – Financial Reporting of Interests in Joint Ventures.
iii) The CFS include the share of profit/loss of associate companies,
which are accounted under the Equity method in accordance with AS-23
Accounting for Investments in Associates in Consolidated Financial
Statements as per which the share of profit of the associate company
has been added to the cost of investment. An associate is an enterprise
in which the investor has significant influence and which is neither a
subsidiary nor a joint venture.
iv) The excess/deficit of cost to the Company of its investment in
subsidiary companies over its share of the net worth in the
consolidated entities at the respective dates on which the investment
in such entities are made is recognised in the CFS as goodwill/capital
reserve.
v) Entities acquired during the year have been consolidated from the
respective dates of their acquisition unless otherwise mentioned in the
notes.
vi) The CFS are prepared by using uniform accounting policies for like
transactions and other events in similar circumstances and necessary
adjustments required for deviations, if any to the extent possible, are
made in the CFS and are presented in the same manner as the Companys
separate financial statements except otherwise stated elsewhere in this
schedule. However, since certain subsidiaries/joint ventures which
function in a different countries and have different regulatory
environment, certain accounting policies differ in accordance with GAAP
of the respective countries.
vii) Translation of foreign subsidiary is done in accordance with AS–11
(Revised) The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates. In case
of foreign subsidiaries and joint ventures the financial statements
have been translated into Indian rupees. The Assets and liabilities
which are non integral have been translated at closing rate. The income
and expenditure items have been translated at the average rate for the
year. Resulting Exchange difference are accumulated in the foreign
currency translation reserve account until the disposal of the
investment.
viii) In case of foreign subsidiaries which are integral the foreign
exchange transaction is recorded at the rate of exchange prevailing on
the date of transaction. Current assets and liabilities are translated
at the year-end closing rates. The resulting exchange gain/loss is
reflected in the profit and loss account.
ix) Minority interest in the net assets of consolidated subsidiaries
consists of the amount of equity attributable to the minority
shareholders at the dates on which investments are made by the group in
the subsidiary companies and further movements in their share in the
equity, subsequent to the dates of investments.
x) The list of entities included in CFS is mentioned in Note B.1
(d) Fixed Assets
Fixed assets are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and
impairment loss if any. Cost comprises the purchase price and any cost,
attributable to bringing the asset to its working condition for its
intended use.
Intangible assets are recognized only if it is probable that the future
economic benefits that are attributable to the asset will flow to the
enterprise and the cost of the asset can be measured reliably. The
intangible assets are recorded at cost and are carried at cost less
accumulated amortization.
(e) Depreciation and Amortisation
Depreciation on fixed assets is provided on Straight-Line Method at the
rates and in the manner specified in the Schedule XIV of the Indian
Companies Act, 1956, except,
a) Certain items of plant and machinery (including computers) installed
at and used in institutional projects, which are depreciated over the
number of years till the completion of the period of the contract when
the assets are transferred to those parties.
b) Vehicles purchased under the Own Your Car (OYC) scheme for the
employees, which are depreciated over the period of the scheme.
c) Goodwill arising on acquisition of business unit is amortised over a
period of ten years.
d) Depreciation on Buildings, Computer Hardware, Software, courseware
and Furniture & Fixtures acquired on or after 1st January, 2006 is
provided at the following rates based on estimated useful life –
Office Premises 3.33%
Furniture & fixtures 20.00%
Computers Hardware, Software and Courseware 33.33%
e) Depreciation on furniture and fixtures, which are installed at
leasehold premises, are amortised over lease period
f) Depreciation on the fixed assets added/disposed off/discarded during
the year has been provided on pro-rata basis with reference to the date
of addition/disposition/discardation.
g) Assets purchased during the year whose acquisition cost is Rs. 5000 or
less are depreciated fully in the month of purchase.
h) The method/rates of depreciation which are different other than
above, followed by any entities, if any, are disclosed by way of notes
to accounts.
(f) Impairment of Fixed Assets
At each balance sheet date, the management reviews the carrying amounts
of its assets to determine whether there is any indication that those
assets were impaired. If any such indication exists, an asset is
treated as impaired when the carrying cost of the assets exceed its
recoverable value. An impairment loss, if any, is charged to the Profit
and Loss Account in the year, in which an asset is identified as
impaired. Reversal of impairment losses recognised in prior years is
recorded when there is an indication that the impairment losses
recognised for the assets no longer exist or have decreased.
(g) Borrowing Costs
Borrowing costs attributable to acquisition or construction of
qualifying assets are capitalised as a part of the cost of such assets
up to the date when such asset is ready for its intended use. All other
borrowing costs are charged to Profit and Loss account in the period
they occur. Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that an
entity incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds.
(h) Foreign Currency Transactions
Transactions in foreign currency are recorded at the rate of exchange
prevailing on the date of transaction. Foreign currency monetary items
are reported using closing rate of exchange at the end of the year. The
resulting exchange gain/loss is reflected in the Profit and Loss
Account. Other non-monetary items, like fixed assets, investments in
equity shares, are carried in terms of historical cost using the
exchange rate at the date of transaction. Premium/discount, in respect
of forward exchange contract is recognized over the life of the
contracts. Profit/Loss on cancellation/renewal of forward exchange
contract is recognized as income/expense for the year.
(i) Investments
Investments are classified into Current and Long–term Investments.
Investments which, being readily disposable and are intended to be held
for period lesser than a year are considered as Current and other
Investments are termed as Long Term. Current Investments are stated
at lower of cost and fair value.
Long Term Investments are stated at cost after deducting provision, if
any, for diminution in value considered being other than temporary in
nature.
(j) Inventories
Inventory is valued at cost or net realizable value whichever is lower.
Inventory containing self developed animation films are capitalized.
Cost comprise of attributable direct cost and overheads. Cost incurred
on the projects which are not completed is inventorised to the extent
work is completed or is to be exploited for commercial purpose. Cost is
determined on a weighted Average basis.
(k) Derivative instruments and hedge accounting
The Company has started hedging its risk of foreign currency
fluctuations relating to receivables of highly probable forecast
transactions pertaining to franchise income by entering into Exchange
Traded Futures (ETFs). In accordance with Companys risk mitigating
policy, it has designated these ETFs as cash flow hedge by early
application of the recognition and measurement principles set out in
the Accounting Standard 30 Financial Instrument- Recognition and
Measurement (AS-30) to these transactions. Accordingly, changes in the
fair value of these ETFs designated as effective hedges for the future
cash flows are recognised directly in shareholders funds and
ineffective portion thereof is recognised directly in the Profit and
Loss Account. The Group designates these hedging instruments as cash
flow hedge applying the recognition and measurement principles set out
in the AS-30.
As per the ICAI Announcement, accounting for derivative contracts,
other than those covered under AS-11, are marked to market on a
portfolio basis, and the net loss after considering the offsetting
effect on the underlying hedge item is charged to the profit and loss
account. Net gains are ignored.
(l) Government Grants
Government Grants are recognized when there is reasonable assurance
that the Group will comply with the condition attaching to them and the
grants will be received. Revenue grants are recognized in the Profit
and Loss Account. Capital grants relating to specific fixed assets are
reduced from the gross value of the respective fixed assets. Other
capital grants are credited to capital reserve.
(m) Revenue Recognition
a) Training and Education Income
Revenue in respect of Training and Education services is recognised on
rendering of services, only when it is reasonably certain that the
ultimate collection will be made. The revenue from fixed time contracts
is recognized over the period of contracts or as per terms of the
contract. For services rendered through franchisees only the Companys
share of revenue is recognized as per the terms of the contract. For
the centres owned by the Company, the income is recognised over the
period of provision of services to the students.
Income from training courses in advance cinematic (including share of
Franchisee Operation) is accounted on accrual basis. Franchisee
(including master franchisee) share of fees are booked as expense.
Income from student fees is accounted over the tenure of course. Dues,
remaining outstanding from the students for the period of six months,
if any, are derecognized as revenue.
b) Sale of Education Course Materials
Revenue in respect of sale of Education course materials is recognised
on delivery of the course materials to the customers.
c) Sale of Films
Revenue on Self Developed Intellectual Property is recognised in the
financial year in which the Intellectual Property is commercially
exploited.
d) Dividend
Dividend income is accounted for when the right to receive the payment
is established.
e) Interest
Interest income is recognised on time proportion basis taking into
account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable.
(n) Retirement Benefits
i. Defined Contribution plan
The Group makes defined contribution to Provident Fund and
Superannuation Fund contribution to defined contribution retirement
benefits plans for qualifying employees. Under the schemes, the Group
are required to contribute a specified percentage of the payroll costs
to fund the benefits. Defined contribution benefits are recognized as
an expense at the undisclosed amount in the profit and loss account of
the year in which the related service is rendered.
ii. Defined benefit plan
The Companys liabilities under Payment of Gratuity Act (funded) and
long-term compensated absences are determined on the basis of actuarial
valuation made at the end of each financial year using the projected
unit credit method except for short term compensated absences, which
are provided on estimates. Actuarial gain and losses are recognized
immediately in the statement of profit and Loss account as income or
expenses. Obligation is measured at the present value of estimated
future cash flows using the discounted rate that is determined by
reference to market yields at the balance sheet date on government
bonds where the currency and terms of the government bonds are
consistent with the currency and estimated terms of the defined benefit
obligation.
(o) Employees Stock Option Plan ( ESOP)
In respect of the stock option granted to employees pursuant to the
Companys stock option schemes, accounting is done as per the intrinsic
value method permitting by the SEBI guideline, 1999 and the Guidance
Note on Share Based Payment issued by the ICAI, whereby the intrinsic
value of the option is recognized as deferred employee compensation.
The deferred employee compensation is charged to Profit and Loss
Account on straight line basis over the vesting period of the option.
The options that lapse are reversed by a credit to employee
compensation expense, to the extent of the amortised portion of value
of lapsed portion. The costs incurred on account of ESOP granted to
employees of subsidiary companies are recovered from the subsidiaries.
(p) Income Tax
i) Ta x expense comprises of current and deferred tax.
ii) Provision for current tax is made on the basis of estimated taxable
income for the current accounting year in accordance with the Income
tax Act, 1961.
iii) The deferred tax for timing differences between the book and tax
profits for the year is accounted for, using the tax rates and laws
that have been substantively enacted as of the Balance Sheet Date.
Deferred tax assets arising from timing differences are recognized to
the extent there is reasonable certainty that these would be realized
in future.
iv) The Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax
laws enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date.
Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset, if a
legally enforceable right exists to set off current tax assets against
current tax liabilities and the deferred tax assets and deferred tax
liabilities relate to the taxes on income levied by same governing
taxation laws. Deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent
that there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable
income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be
realised. In situations where the company has unabsorbed depreciation
or carry forward tax losses, all deferred tax assets are recognised
only if there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence
that they can be realised against future taxable profits. Deferred tax
assets in case of China operations are recognised at appropriate tax
rates based on reasonable certainty.
At each balance sheet date the Companies in the Group re-assesses
unrecognised deferred tax assets. It recognises unrecognised deferred
tax assets to the extent that it has become reasonably certain or
virtually certain, as the case may be that sufficient future taxable
income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be
realised.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each balance
sheet date. The Companies in the Group writes-down the carrying amount
of a deferred tax asset to the extent that it is no longer reasonably
certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient
future taxable income will be available against which deferred tax
asset can be realised. Any such write-down is reversed to the extent
that it becomes reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case
may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available.
v) Minimum alternative tax (MAT) paid in accordance to the tax laws,
which gives rise to future economic benefits in the form of adjustments
of future income tax liability, is considered as an asset if there is
convincing evidences that the group will pay
normal income tax after the tax holiday period. Accordingly, MAT is
recognised as an asset in the balance sheet when it is probable that
the future economic benefits associated with it will flow to the Group
and the asset can be measured reliably.
(q) Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or
loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted
average number of equity shares outstanding during the year.
For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net
profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders and the
weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year are
adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
(r) Operating Lease
Leases arrangements, where the risks and rewards incidental to
ownership of an asset substantially vests with the lessor, are
recognised as operating leases and lease rentals thereon are recognised
in the profit and loss account on a straight-line basis.
(s) Segment Reporting Policies
i) Identification of segments
The Groups has disclosed Business Segment as the primary segment.
Segments have been identified taking into account the nature of the
products and services provided, the differing risks and returns, the
organization structure and internal reporting system.
The Groups has identified geographical markets as the secondary
segments. Geographical revenues are allocated based on the location of
the customer. The analysis of geographical segments is based on the
areas in which major operating divisions of the Group operate.
ii) Inter segment Transfers
The Group generally accounts for intersegment sales and transfers as if
the sales or transfers were to third parties at current market prices.
iii) Allocation of Income and expenses
Income and expenses directly attributable to segments are reported
under each reportable segment. Common expenses which are not directly
identifiable to each reporting segment have been allocated to each
reporting segment on the basis of relative contribution of each segment
to the total common costs.
All other income and expenses which are not attributable or allocable
to segments have been disclosed as unallocable items.
iv) Allocation of Assets and liabilities
Assets and liabilities that are directly attributable to segments are
disclosed under each reportable segment. All other assets and
liabilities are disclosed as unallocable.
(t) Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets
i) A provision is recognised when an enterprise has a present
obligation as a result of past event and it is probable that an outflow
of resources will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of
which a reliable estimate can be made.
ii) Provisions (excluding retirement benefits) are not discounted to
its present value and are determined based on best estimate required to
settle the obligation at the balance sheet date.
iii) Reimbursement expected in respect of expenditure required to
settle a provision is recognised only when it is virtually certain that
the reimbursement will be received.
iv) Contingent liabilities are possible but not probable obligations as
on the balance sheet date, based on the available evidence.
v) Department appeals, in respect of cases won by the Company, are also
considered as contingent Liabilities.
vi) Contingent Assets are neither recognised, nor disclosed in the
financial statements.
vii) Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets are
reviewed at each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current
best estimates.
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