a) BASIS OF PREPARATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The financial statements are prepared in accordance with the Indian
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) under the historical
cost convention, accrual basis of accounting, on going concern basis .
GAAP comprises mandatory accounting standards issued by the Institute
of Chartered Accountants of India, the provisions of Companies Act,
1956 and guidelines issued by the Securities Exchange Board of India.
Accounting policies have been consistently applied except where a newly
issued accounting standard is initially adopted or a revision to an
existing accounting standard requires a change in the accounting policy
hitherto in use or a change is necessitated, in the opinion of the
management, for a more appropriate presentation of the financial
statement of the enterprise.
The management evaluates all recently issued or revised accounting
standards on an ongoing basis.
b) USE OF ESTIMATES
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with the
generally accepted accounting principles requires the management of the
Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported
balances of assets and liabilities and disclosures relating to the
contingent liabilities as at the date of the financial statements and
reported amounts of income and expenses during the period. Although
these estimates are based on the managements'' best knowledge of current
events and actions the company may undertake in future, the actual
results could differ from these estimates. Any revision to accounting
estimates is recognized prospectively in current and future periods.
c) FIXED ASSETS, INTANGIBLE ASSETS AND CAPITAL WORK IN PROGRESS
Fixed assets, are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and
impairment losses. Cost comprises the purchase price and any
attributable cost related to the acquisition and installation of the
respective asset to bring the asset to its working condition for its
intended use.
Interest on borrowed money allocated to and utilized for fixed assets,
pertaining to the period up to the date of capitalization is
capitalized. Assets acquired on hire purchase are capitalized at the
gross value and interest thereon is charged to Profit and Loss Account.
Capital work-in-progress comprises the cost of fixed assets that are
not yet ready for their intended use at the Balance Sheet date and the
outstanding advances paid for the acquisition/construction of such
fixed assets.
An item of fixed assets is de-recognized upon disposal or when no
future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any
gain or loss arising on de-recognition of the asset (calculated as the
difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of
the asset) is included in the income statement in the year the asset is
de-recognized.
d) IMPAIRMENT OF ASSETS
As at each Balance Sheet date, the carrying amount of assets is tested
for impairment so as to determine:
(a) the provision for impairment loss ,if any required or
(b) The reversal, if any, required of impairment loss recognized in
previous periods.
Impairment loss is recognized when the carrying amount of an asset
exceeds its recoverable amount.
Recoverable amount is determined:
(a) in the case of an individual asset ,at the higher of the net
selling price and the value in use.
(b) in the case of a cash generating unit (a group of assets that
generates identified independent cash flows) at the higher of the cash
generating unit''s net selling price and the value in use.
Value in use is determined as the present value of estimated future
cash flows from the continuing use of an asset and from its disposal at
the end of its useful life.
e) INVESTMENTS
Investment in subsidiaries and others are stated at cost. Investments
that are intended to be held for more than a year, from the date of
acquisition, are classified as long term investments and are stated at
cost less provision for diminution in the value of such investments, if
such diminution is of permanent nature. Investments other long term
investments being current investments are valued at lower of cost and
fair value, computed separately in respect of each category of
investment.
Investments in units/mutual funds are valued at lower of cost or marked
to market values. Gain or loss on sale of investments is computed as
difference between the net proceeds realized and the book value and is
accordingly recognized in the Profit and Loss Account.
f) INVENTORIES
Ceramic Tile Division
Raw materials, stores, spares and consumables: At lower of cost or
market price; Cost is determined on First in First Out (FIFO) basis.
Finished Goods: Lower of direct cost of production or net market value;
Cost includes direct material and labour and a proportion of
manufacturing overheads based on normal operating capacities. Excise
duty payable on the finished goods has been included in the value of
finished goods inventory. Net market value is the estimated selling
price in the ordinary course of business.
Work in progress: At direct cost of production including estimated
amount of allocable expenditure.
Real Estate Division
Real Estate: Lower of cost or net market value; Cost includes cost of
acquisition and other related expenses incurred in bringing the
inventories to their present location and condition. Net market value
is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business.
Constructed/Under Construction Properties:
Lower of cost or net realisable value. Cost includes the cost of land,
internal development cost, external development charges, construction
cost, overheads, borrowing cost and development/ construction material.
Development rights: At cost of acquisition, including cost of acquiring
rights of any interested party. Development rights are considered to
have been acquired on execution of a Development Agreement upon visting
of irrevocable rights in the Company to construct, market, and sell the
development over land and realize and retain the economic and other
benefits.
g) UNBILLED RECEIVABLES
Unbilled receivables represent revenue recognized based on Percentage
of Completion of Construction Method [para (j) below], to the extent
the work completed exceeds billed receivables.
h) RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT EXPENDITURE
Revenue expenditure on research and development is charged to Profit
and Loss Account in the year in which it is incurred. Capital
expenditure on research and development is treated as additions to
fixed assets and is subject to depreciation in the manner set out in
paragraph (h) below.
i) DEPRECIATION
Depreciation on fixed assets is charged on the written down value
method except Buildings (Other than Factory Building) and Plant &
Machinery (Tile Division) wherein depreciation is charged on the
straight line method, at the rates as specified in Schedule XIV of the
Companies Act, 1956. Depreciation on the acquisition/ purchase of
assets during the year has been provided on pro-rata basis according to
the period each asset was put to use during the year.
Goodwill arising on amalgamation is amortised over a period of five
years.
In respect of an asset for which impairment loss is recognised,
depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of the assets
over its remaining useful life.
Where depreciable assets are revalued, deprecation is provided on the
revalued amount and the additional depreciation on accretion to assets
on revaluation is transferred from revaluation reserve to the Profit
and Loss Account.
Assets costing less than Rs. 5,000 are depreciated at the rate of 100%.
j) REVENUE RECOGNITION
Real Estate
- Revenue from construction projects for sale is recognized on the
`Percentage of Completion of Contruction Method’. Revenue from
properties under construction is recognized to the extent that the
percentage of actual project cost incurred thereon to total estimated
project cost bears to todate sale consideration, provided actual cost
incurred is 30% or more of the total estimated project cost. Project
cost includes cost of land, and estimated construction and development
costs. The estimates of saleable area and costs are reviewed
periodically and effect of
any changes in such estimates is recognized in the period such changes
are determined. When the total project cost is estimated to exceed
total revenues from the project, the loss is immediately recognized.
- Income from construction contracts is recognized by reference to the
stage of completion of the contract activity at the reporting date of
the financial statements, and costs related thereto are charged to
Profit and Loss Account for the year.
- Revenue from sales of investments in properties and shares is
recognized by reference to the total sale consideration as per
agreement to sell as reduced by the cost of acquisition of such
property/shares. Cost of properties includes acquisition cost and
construction and development cost.
- Forfeiture due to non fulfilment of obligations by counter parties is
accounted as Revenue on unconditional appropriation.
- Revenue from rentals is recognized on accrual in accordance with
terms of the relevant agreement.
Ceramic Tile Division
- Revenue is recognized to the extent that that it can be reasonably
measured and is probable that economic benefit will flow to the
Company.
- Revenue from sale of products is recognized when risk and reward of
ownership of the products are transferred to the customers and the
Company retains no effective control of the goods to a degree usually
associated with ownership, which are generally on dispatch/delivery of
the goods and no significant un-certainty exists regarding the amount
of consideration that will be derived from the sale of goods. Sales are
stated net of discounts, returns and recoverable taxes.
Other Income
- Interest Income is recognized on time
proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the
applicable rate of interest.
- Dividend income is recognized when the right to receive the dividend
is established.
- Interest on arrears of allotment money is accounted in the year of
receipt.
k) CLAIMS
Claims lodged by and lodged against the Company are accounted in the
year of payment or settlement thereof.
l) BORROWING COST
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction
or production of qualifying assets which are assets that necessarily
take a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use,
are added to the cost of those assets, until such time as the assets
are substantially ready for their intended use. All other borrowing
costs are recognized as part of Financial Expenses in the income
statement in the period in which they are incurred.
m) EMPLOYEE BENEFITS
i. Short Term Employee Benefits:
All employee benefits payable wholly within twelve months of rendering
the services are classified as Short Term Employee Benefits. Benefits
such as salaries, wages and short term compensated absence etc and the
expected cost of ex-gratia is recognized in the period in which the
employee renders the related service.
ii. Post Employment Benefits:
(a) Defined Benefit Plans: The Company’s Gratuity and Leave encashment
schemes are defined benefit plans. In accordance with the requirements
of revised Accounting Standard-15 Employee Benefits, the Company
provides for gratuity covering eligible employees on the
basis of actuarial valuation as carried out by an independent actuary
using the Projected Unit Credit method, which recognizes each period of
service as giving rise to additional unit of employee benefit
entitlement and measures each unit separately to build up the final
obligation. The obligation is measured at the present value of the
estimated future cash flows. The discount rates used for determining
the present value of obligation under defined benefit plans is based on
the market yields on Government securities as at the Balance Sheet
date.
The liability is un-funded. Actuarial gains and losses arising from
changes in the actuarial assumptions are charged or credited to the
Profit and Loss Account in the year in which such gains or losses
arise.
Leave encashment benefits payable to employees of the Company with
respect to accumulated leave outstanding at the year end are accounted
for on the basis of an actuarial valuation as at the Balance Sheet
date.
(b) Defined Contribution Plans
Contributions payable by the Company to the concerned government
authorities in respect of provident fund, family pension fund and
employees state insurance are defined contribution plans. The
contributions are recognized as an expense in the Profit and Loss
Account during the period in which the employee renders the related
service. The Company does not have any further obligation in this
respect, beyond such contribution.
Other employee benefits are accounted for on accrual basis.
n) FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS Transactions in foreign currencies are
recorded at the rates prevailing on the date of the transaction.
Monetary items denominated in foreign currency are restated at the rate
prevailing on the Balance Sheet date except in cases where actual
amount has been ascertained by the time of finalization of accounts.
Exchange differences arising on the translation or settlement of
monetary items at rates different from those at which they were
initially recorded during the year, or reported in the previous
financial statements, are recorded in exchange fluctuation account and
recognized as income or expense in the year in which they arise.
In translating the financial statements of representative offices, the
monetary assets and liabilities are translated at the rate prevailing
on the Balance Sheet date; non monetary assets and liabilities are
translated at exchange rates prevailing at the date of the transaction
and income and expense items are converted at the respective monthly
average rates. Net gain/loss on foreign currency translation is
recognized in the Profit and Loss Account.
o) TAXES ON INCOME
The accounting treatment followed for taxes on income is to provide for
Current Tax and Deferred Tax. Provision for current income tax is made
for the tax liability payable on taxable income ascertained in
accordance with the applicable tax rates and laws.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax
consequences attributable to timing differences between the financial
statements, carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and
their respective tax bases and carry forwards of operating loss.
Deferred tax
assets and liabilities are measured on the timing differences applying
the tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted or substantively
enacted by the Balance Sheet date. Changes in deferred tax assets and
liabilities between one Balance Sheet date and the next, are recognized
in the Profit and Loss Account in the year of change. The effect on
deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is
recognized in the Profit and Loss Account in the year of change.
Deferred tax assets are recognized only to the extent there is
reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be
available against which these assets can be realized in future, whereas
in case of existence of unabsorbed depreciation or carry forward of
losses, deferred tax assets are recognized only if there is virtual
certainty of realization backed by convincing evidence. Deferred tax
assets are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date.
p) SEGMENT ACCOUNTING AND
REPORTING
The accounting principles consistently used in the preparation of the
financial statements are also consistently applied to record income and
expenditure in individual segments. The basis of reporting is as
follows:
a) Segment revenue and expenses
Segment revenue and expenses those are directly attributable to the
segment are considered for respective segments. For rest allocation has
been done between segments and where it is not possible to segregate,
the same has been considered as un-allocable revenue and expenses.
Segment expenses does not include leave encashment, gratuity and
provision for taxation.
b) Segment assets and liabilities
All segment assets and liabilities which arise as a result of operating
activities of the
segment are recognised in that segment. Fixed assets which are
exclusively used by the segment or allocated on a reasonable basis are
also included.
Un-allocable assets and liabilities are those which are not
attributable to any of the segments and include Advance Taxes and
Provisions for taxation, gratuity and leave encashment.
q) EARNINGS PER SHARE
In determining earnings per share, the Company considers the net profit
after tax for the year attributable to equity shareholders. The number
of shares used in computing basic earnings per share is the weighted
average number of shares outstanding during the period. The number of
shares used in computing diluted earnings per share comprises the
weighted average shares considered for deriving basic earnings per
share, and also the weighted average number of equity shares that could
have been issued on the conversion of all dilutive potential equity
shares. The diluted potential equity shares are adjusted for the
proceeds available, had the shares been actually issued at fair value
(i.e. the average market value of the outstanding shares). Dilutive
potential equity shares are deemed converted as of the beginning of the
period, unless issued at a later date. The number of shares and
potentially dilutive equity shares are adjusted for any stock splits
and bonus shares issues.
r) CASH FLOW STATEMENT
Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby net profit
before tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of a non-cash
nature and any deferrals or accruals of past or future cash receipts or
payments. The cash flows from regular revenue generating, investing and
financing activities of the Company are segregated.
s) PROVISIONS, CONTINGENT LIABILITIES AND CONTINGENT ASSETS A provision
is recognized for a present obligation as result of past events if it
is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the
obligation and in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made.
Provisions are determined based on best estimate of the amount required
to settle the obligation at the Balance Sheet date. Re-imbursement
expected in respect of expenditure required to settle a provision is
recognized only when it is virtually certain that the re-imbursement
will be received. Contingent liabilities are disclosed in the notes in
case of a present obligation arising from a past event when it is not
probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the
obligation. Contingent assets are neither recognized nor disclosed in
the financial statements. Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and
Contingent Assets are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date.
t) LEASES OBTAINED
Leases where the lessor retains substantially all the risks and
benefits of ownership of the asset are classified as operating lease.
Operating lease payments are recognized as an expense in the Profit and
Loss Account on straight line basis over the lease term. Finance lease
which effectively transfer to the Company substantial risk and benefits
incidental to ownership of the leased items, are capitalized and
disclosed as leased assets. Lease payments are apportioned between the
finance charges and reduction of lease liability so as to achieve a
constant rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability.
Financial expenses are charged directly against income.
u) MISCELLANEOUS EXPENDITURE
Miscellaneous expenditure is amortised equally over a period of 5
years.
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