1. Basis of Preparation of Financial Statements
These financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost
convention in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles
in India, the applicable Accounting Standards and the provisions of the
Companies Act, 1956.
2. Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with the
generally accepted accounting principles require estimates and
assumptions to be made that affect the reported amounts of assets and
liabilities on the date of the financial statements and the reported
amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period.
Differences between, the actual results and estimates are recognised in
the period in which the results are known / materialise.
3. Revenue Recognition
a) Revenue on sale of products is recognised when the products are
dispatched to customers, all significant contractual obligations have
been satisfied and the collection of the resulting receivable is
reasonably expected. Sales are stated net of trade discount, returns
and sales tax collected.
b) Revenue in respect of insurance/other claims, interest etc. is
recognised only when it is reasonably certain that the ultimate
collection will be made.
4. Fixed Assets
a) Own Assets:
Fixed Assets are stated at cost of acquisition or construction
including directly attributable cost. They are stated at historical
cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment loss, if any.
b) Assets taken on lease:
1) Finance Lease:
Assets taken on lease after April 1, 2001 are accounted for as fixed
assets in accordance with Accounting Standard on Leases AS-19.
Accordingly, the assets have been accounted at fair value. Lease
payments are apportioned between finance charges and reduction of
outstanding liability.
2) Operating Lease:
Assets taken on lease under which, all the risk and rewards of
ownership are effectively retained by the lessor are classified as
operating lease. Lease payments under operating leases are recognised
as expenses on accrual basis in accordance with the respective lease
agreements.
5. Investments
Investments classified as Long Term Investments are stated at cost.
Provision is made to recognise a decline, other than temporary, in the
value of investments. Current investments are carried at cost or fair
value whichever is lower.
6. Capital Work – in-Progress
Projects under commissioning are carried forward at cost as capital
work in progress and represent payments made to contractors including
advances and directly attributable cost.
7. Depreciation / Amortization
a) Depreciation on Fixed Assets is provided on Straight Line Method at
the rates and in the manner specified in Schedule XIV to the Companies
Act, 1956. Continuous process plant is classified based on technical
assessment and depreciation is provided accordingly
b) Cost of leasehold land is amortized over the period of lease.
c) Trade marks/Brands marks are amortized over a period of ten years
from the date of capitalization
d) Computer software is amortized for a period of five years from the
date of capitalization.
e) Depreciation on additions to assets or on sale / disposal of assets
is calculated from the beginning of the month of such addition or up to
the month of such sale / scrapped, as the case may be.
f) Assets costing less than Rs. 5,000/ – are fully depreciated in the
year of purchase.
8. Foreign Currency Transactions & Translations
a) Foreign currency transactions are recorded at the exchange rates
prevailing on the date of the transaction. Exchange differences arising
on settlement of foreign currency transactions are recognised in the
profit and loss account
b) Monetary items denominated in foreign currency are restated using
the exchange rate prevailing at the balance sheet date and the
resultant exchange differences are recognized in the profit and loss
account. Non-monetary items denominated in foreign currency are carried
at historical cost.
However, pursuant to the notification of the Companies (Accounting
Standards) Amendment Rules 2006 issued on 31 March 2009, which amended
Accounting Standard 11 on The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange
Rates, exchange differences relating to long term monetary items are
dealt with in the following manner:
i. Exchange differences relating to long-term monetary items, arising
during the year, in so far as they relate to the acquisition of a
depreciable capital asset are added to / deducted from the cost of the
asset and depreciated over the balance life of the asset.
ii. In other cases such differences are accumulated in a Foreign
Currency Monetary Item Translation Difference Account and amortized to
the profit and loss account over the balance life of the long-term
monetary item, however that the period of amortization does not extend
beyond 31 March, 2012. (Refer Note 20 below).
c) In respect of forward contracts entered into to hedge foreign
currency exposure in respect of recognized monetary items, the premium
or discount on such contracts is amortized over the life of the
contract. The exchange difference measured by the change in exchange
rate between the inception dates of the contract / last reporting date
as the case may be and the balance sheet date is recognized in the
profit and loss account. Any gain / loss on cancellation of such
forward contracts are recognised as income / expense of the period.
9. Inventories
Items of Inventories are valued on the basis given below:
1. Raw Materials, Packing Materials, Stores and Spares and Trading
goods: at cost determined on First – In – First – Out (FIFO) basis or
net realisable value, whichever is lower.
2. Process stock and Finished Goods: At weighted average cost or net
realisable values whichever is lower. Cost comprises of cost of
purchase, cost of conversion and other costs incurred in bringing the
inventory to their present location and condition.
10. Employee Benefits (Refer Note No. 10 of Part B of Schedule 19)
a) Defined Contribution Plan
Company''s contribution paid/ payable for the year to defined
contribution retirement benefit scheme is charged to Profit and Loss
account.
b) Defined Benefit Plan and other long term benefit plan
Company''s liabilities towards defined benefit scheme and other long
term benefit plans are determined using the projected unit credit
method. Actuarial valuation under projected unit credit method are
carried out at Balance Sheet date, Actuarial gains/losses are
recognised in Profit and Loss Account in the period of occurrence of
such gains and losses. Past service cost is recognised immediately to
the extent benefits are vested otherwise it is amortized on straight
line basis over running average periods until the benefits become
vested. The retirement benefit obligation recognised in Balance Sheet
represents present value of the defined benefit obligations as adjusted
for unrecognised past service cost and as reduced by fair value of
scheme assets. Any asset resulting from this calculation is limited to
past service cost, the present value is available refunds and reduction
in future contribution to the scheme.
c) Short Term Employee Benefits
Short term employee benefits expected to be paid in exchange for the
services rendered by the employee are recognised undiscounted during
the period the employee renders the services, these benefits include
incentive, bonus.
11. Accounting of CENVAT credit
Cenvat credit available is accounted by recording material purchases
net of excise duty. Cenvat credit availed is accounted on adjustment
against excise duty payable on dispatch of finished goods.
12. Government Grants
Grants, in the nature of interest subsidy under the Technology
Upgradation Fund Scheme (TUFS), are accounted for when it is reasonably
certain that ultimate collection will be made. Government grants not
specifically related to fixed assets are recognised in the Profit and
Loss Account in the year of accrual / receipt.
13. Borrowing Costs
Borrowing costs that are attributable to the acquisition or
construction of qualifying assets are capitalised as part of the cost
of such assets. A qualifying asset is one that necessarily takes a
substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale.
All other borrowing costs are charged to revenue.
14. Income taxes
Tax expense comprises of current tax and deferred tax. Current tax and
deferred tax are accounted for in accordance with Accounting Standard
22 (AS-22) on Accounting for taxes on Income. Current tax is measured
at the amount expected to be paid / recovered from the tax authority
using the applicable tax rates. Deferred liabilities are recognised for
future tax consequence attributable to timing difference between
taxable income and accounting income that are capable of reversing in
one or more subsequent periods and are measured at relevant enacted/
substantively enacted tax rates and in the case of deferred tax asset
on consideration of prudence, are recognised and carried forward to the
extent of reasonable / virtual certainty as case may be. At each
balance sheet date, the Company reassesses unrealised deferred tax
assets to the extent they become reasonably certain or virtually
certain of realisation, as the case may be. Minimum Alternate Tax
(MAT) credit entitlement is recognised in accordance with the Guidance
Note on Accounting for credit available in respect of Minimum
Alternate Tax under the Income-tax Act, 1961 issued by ICAI (Refer
note no. 8 and 12 of Part B of Schedule 19).
15. Intangible Assets
Intangible assets are recognised only if it is probable that the future
economic benefits that are attributable to the assets will flow to the
enterprise and the cost of the assets can be measured reliably. The
intangible assets are recorded at cost and are carried at cost less
accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses, if any.
16. Impairment of Fixed Assets
At the end of each year, the company determines whether a provision
should be made for impairment loss on fixed assets by considering the
indications that an impairment loss may have occurred in accordance
with Accounting Standard 28 (AS-28) ''''Impairment of Assets''''. An
impairment loss is charged to the Profit and Loss Account in the year
in which, an asset is identified as impaired, when the carrying value
of the asset exceeds its recoverable value. The impairment loss
recognised in prior accounting periods is reversed if there has been a
change in the estimate of recoverable amount.
17. Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets
Provisions involving substantial degree of estimation in measurement
are recognised when there is a present obligation as a result of past
events and it is probable that there will be an outflow of resources.
Contingent liabilities are not recognised but are disclosed in the
Notes. Contingent Assets are neither recognised nor disclosed in the
financial statements.
18. Issue Expenses
Expenses incurred in connection with the issue of shares, debentures
and Foreign Currency Convertible Bonds to be recognised in Profit &
Loss Account .
19. Accounting for Derivatives
The company uses derivative instruments to hedge its exposure to
movements in foreign exchange rates, interest rates and currency risks.
The objective of these derivative instruments is to reduce the risk or
cost to the company and is not intended for trading or speculation
purposes.
Interest Rate Swaps, Currency Option and Currency Swaps, in the nature
of firm commitment and highly probable forecast transactions, entered
into by the Company for hedging the risks of foreign currency exposure
(including interest rate risk) are accounted based on the principles of
prudence as enunciated in Accounting Standard 1 (AS-1) Disclosure of
Accounting Policies.
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