(a) Basis of Preparation of Financial Statements
The financial statements have been prepared to comply in all material
respects with the Accounting Standards notified by Companies
(Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006, (as amended) and the relevant
provisions of the Companies Act, 1956 (the Act). The financial
statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention on
an accrual basis except in case of assets for which provision for
impairment is made and revaluation is carried out. The accounting
policies have been consistently applied by the Company and except for
the changes in accounting policy discussed more fully below, are
consistent with those used in the previous year.
(b) Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates
and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets,
liabilities, revenue and expenses and disclosure of contingent
liabilities as on the date of financial statements. Although these
estimates are based upon managements best knowledge of current events
and actions, actual results could differ from those estimates. Any
revision to accounting estimates is recognized prospectively in future
periods.
(c) Fixed assets
Fixed assets are stated at cost of acquisition or construction (or
revalued amounts, as the case may be), less accumulated depreciation
and impairment losses if any. Cost comprises the purchase price and any
attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for
its intended use. Assets acquired under finance lease are recognised at
the inception of the lease at lower of the fair value or the present
value of minimum lease payments. The initial direct costs incurred in
connection with finance leases are recognised as an asset under the
lease.
(d) Depreciation
Depreciation on fixed assets is provided on straight-line basis in
accordance with Section 205(2)(b) of the Companies Act, 1956 at the
rates and in the manner specified in Schedule XIV to the Act, except in
respect of certain fixed assets where higher rates are applicable
considering the estimated useful life, which are as follows:
i) Plant and Machinery - 5 years
ii) Furniture, Fixtures and Office Equipments - 5 years
iii) Computers and Computer Software - 4 years
iv) Cost of leasehold land is amortised over the period of lease.
v) Vehicles - 4 years
vi) Assets purchased specifically for projects are depreciated over the
life of the projects.
(e) Impairment
The carrying amounts of assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date
if there is any indication of impairment based on internal/external
factors. An impairment loss is recognized wherever the carrying amount
of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is
the greater of the assets net selling price and value in use. In
assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted
to their present value at the weighted average cost of capital.
(f) Investments
Current investments are carried at lower of cost or fair value.
Long-term investments are carried at cost. Provision is made to
recognise a decline, if any, other than temporary in the carrying
amount of long-term investments.
(g) Inventories
Inventories are valued at cost or net realisable value, whichever is
lower, except service spares which are valued at cost less amounts
charged off to revenue over their evaluated useful life. The cost is
determined on weighted average basis, and includes all costs incurred
in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. In
case of work-in-progress and finished goods, costs also include costs
of conversion.
(h) Provisions
A provision is recognised when an enterprise has a present obligation
as a result of past event; it is probable that an outflow of resources
will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of which a
reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are not discounted to its
present value and are determined based on best estimate required to
settle the obligation at the balance sheef date. These are reviewed at
each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best
estimates.
Provision for warranties
The Company accrues provision for estimated future warranty costs based
upon the historical relationship of warranty claims to sales. The
Company periodically reviews the adequacy of its product warranties and
adjusts, if necessary, the warranty percentage and accrued warranty
provision, for actual experience.
(i) Foreign currency translation
Foreign currency transactions
(i) Initial Recognition
Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting currency,
by applying to the foreign currency amount the exchange rate between
the reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the
transaction.
(ii) Conversion
Foreign currency monetary items are reported using the closing rate.
Non-monetary items which are carried in terms of historical cost
denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate
at the date of the transaction; and non-monetary items which are
carried at fair value or other similar valuation denominated in a
foreign currency are reported using the exchange rates that existed
when the values were determined.
(j) Revenue Recognition
Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the
economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be
reliably measured.
Sale of Goods
Revenue from Products is recognized when the products have been
dispatched, in accordance with the sales contract/Purchase order from
customer. Sales include excise duty but excludes sales tax.
Income from Services
Services including installation and commissioning related to products
supplied or on a stand-alone basis are recognized based on substantial
completion of services rendered and on completion of the services as
per the contractual terms.
Maintenance Income is recognized on pro-rata basis over the period of
the contract as defined in the contractual terms.
Service Income is recognized on performance of the services as defined
in the contractual terms.
Service Income of a periodical nature which is not accrued during the
year is disclosed as Unearned Revenue.
Interest
Revenue is recognised on a time proportion basis taking into account
the amount outstanding and the rate applicable.
Other Income
Other income is accounted on accrual basis except where receipt of
income is uncertain.
(k) Taxes on Income
Tax expense comprises of current and deferred tax. Current income tax
is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in
accordance with the Income-tax Act, 1961 enacted in India. Deferred
income taxes reflects the impact of current year timing differences
between taxable income and accounting income for the year and reversal
of timing differences of earlier years.
Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws
enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date. Deferred
tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset, if a legally
enforceable right exists to set off current tax assets against current
tax liabilities and the deferred tax assets and deferred tax
liabilities relate to the taxes on income levied by same governing
taxation laws. Deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent
that there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable
income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be
realised. In situations where the company has unabsorbed depreciation
or carry forward tax losses, all deferred tax assets are recognised
only if there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence
that they can be realised against future taxable profits.
At each balance sheet date the Company re-assesses unrecognised
deferred tax assets. It recognises unrecognised deferred tax assets to
the extent that it has become reasonably certain or virtually certain,
as the case may be that sufficient future taxable income will be
available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each balance
sheet date. The company writes- down the carrying amount of a deferred
tax asset to the extent that it is no longer reasonably certain or
virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable
income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be
realised. Any such write-down is reversed to the extent that it becomes
reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that
sufficient future taxable income will be available.
(I) Leases
Leases where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks
and benefits of ownership of the leased item, are classified as
operating leases.
Operating lease payments are recognized as an expense in the Profit and
Loss account on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
(m) Employee benefits
1) Post-employment Benefits a) Defined Benefit Plans:
Funded Plans:
The Company has defined benefit plans for Post-employment benefits in
the form of:
(i) Gratuity for all employees which is administered through Life
Insurance Corporation of India. Liability for Gratuity is provided on
the basis of valuation, as at the Balance Sheet date, carried out by an
independent actuary. The actuarial method used for measuring the
liability is the Projected Unit Credit method.
(ii) Provident Fund for all employees which is administered through
Company managed trust. The Company has an obligation to make good the
shortfall, if any, between the return from the investments of the trust
and the notified interest rate. The Companys contribution and such
shortfall are charged to Profit and Loss Account as and when incurred.
2) Other Long-term Employee Benefits:
Liability for Compensated Absences is provided on the basis of
valuation, as at the Balance Sheet date, carried out by an independent
actuary. Encashment of leave benefit is payable on death whilst in
service, withdrawal from service such as resignation, termination or
early retirement or from retirement from service at normal retirement
date. In view of increase in salary taking place, salary growth rates
have been used to project the salary at the time when encashment of
leave is assumed to take place. The assumptions with regard to
Mortality rates, Withdrawal rates and Retirement age have been used to
construct a suitable multiple decrement service/mortality table which
determines the expected time when leave encashment is likely to take
place. The accumulated leave may be reduced on account of in-service
utilization or encashment if permissible under the rules of leave
encashment, or increase on account of leave entitlement every year.
The effect of in service utilization or encashment and entitlement will
be reflected in year to year balance and the liability will be adjusted
accordingly at every periodic actuarial valuation.
3) Termination benefits are recognised as an expense as and when
incurred.
4) The actuarial gains and losses arising during the year are
recognised in the Profit and Loss Account of the year without resorting
to any amortisation.
(n) Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or
loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders (after
deducting attributable taxes) by the weighted average number of equity
shares outstanding during the period.
For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net
profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders and
the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period are
adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
(o) Cash and Cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents for the purposes of cash flow statement
comprise cash at bank and in hand and short-term investments with an
original maturity of three months or less.
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