(a) Basis of Preparation
The financial statements have been prepared to comply in all material
respects in respects with the Notifed accounting standard by Companies
Accounting Standards Rules, 2006 (as amended) and the relevant
provisions of the Companies Act, 1956. The financial statements have
been prepared under the historical cost convention on an accrual basis
except in case of assets for which provision for impairment is made.
The accounting policies have been consistently applied by the Company
and are consistent with those used in the previous year.
(b) Use of estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates
and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and
liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the
financial statements and the results of operations during the reporting
year end. Although these estimates are based upon management’s best
knowledge of current events and actions, actual results could differ
from these estimates.
(c) Fixed Assets
Fixed assets are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and
impairment losses if any. Cost comprises the purchase price and any
attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for
its intended use. Borrowing costs relating to acquisition of fixed
assets which takes substantial period of time to get ready for its
intended use are also included to the extent they relate to the period
till such assets are ready to be put to use.
(d) Depreciation
Depreciation on building and plant and machinery is provided for in the
accounts on straight line method in accordance with the rates
prescribed in Schedule xIV of the Companies Act, 1956.
Depreciation on other assets is provided using the Straight Line Method
as per the useful life of the assets estimated by the management, or at
the rates prescribed under Schedule xIV of the Companies Act, 1956
whichever is higher.
Rate (SLM)
Furniture and Fixtures 10%
Computers 20%
Vehicles 20%
office Equipments 10%
Individual fixed assets costing less than Rs. 5,000 are fully
depreciated in the year of purchase.
Lease hold improvements are depreciated over the period of lease term.
(e) Impairment
The carrying amounts of assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date
if there is any indication of impairment based on internal/external
factors. An impairment loss is recognized wherever the carrying amount
of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is
the greater of the asset’s net selling price and value in use. In
assessing value in use, the estimated future cash fows are discounted
to their present value at the weighted average cost of capital.
Goodwill is tested for impairment at the end of each balance sheet date
and any impairment loss arises is recognized in the Profit and loss
account.
(f) Intangible Assets
Costs relating to intangible assets, which are acquired, are
capitalised and amortised on a straight-line basis over their useful
lives.
Useful life
Technical Knowhow 10 years
Technology License Fees 5 years
Germ Plasm 10 years
Software 10 years
Trade Marks / Brands 10 years
Goodwill arising on acquisition of business is not amortised.
(g) Research and Development
Research and Development expenditure is charged to revenue in the year
in which it is incurred. Development expenditure is carried forward
when its future recoverability can reasonably be regarded as assured
and is armortised over the period of expected future Benefit.
(h) Leases
Where the Company is the Lessee
Finance leases, which effectively transfer to the Company substantially
all the risks and Benefits incidental to ownership of the leased item,
are capitalized at the lower of the fair value and present value of the
minimum lease payments at the inception of the lease term and disclosed
as leased assets. Lease payments are apportioned between the fnance
charges and reduction of the lease liability based on the implicit rate
of return. Finance charges are charged directly against income. Lease
management fees, legal charges and other initial direct costs are
capitalised.
If there is no reasonable certainty that the Company will obtain the
ownership by the end of the lease term, capitalized leased assets are
depreciated over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the asset
or the lease term.
Leases where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks
and Benefits of ownership of the leased term are classifed as operating
leases. Operating lease payments are recognized as an expense in the
Profit and Loss account on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
(i) Government Grants
Government grants received in the nature of Investment Subsidy are
treated as Capital Reserve.
(j) Investments
Investments that are readily realisable and intended to be held for not
more than a year are classifed as current investments. All other
investments are classifed as long-term investments. Current investments
are carried at lower of cost and fair value determined on an individual
investment basis. Long-term investments are carried at cost. However,
provision for diminution in value is made to recognise a decline other
than temporary in the value of the investments.
(k) Inventories
Inventories are valued as follows:
Raw materials,
components,
stores and spares Lower of cost and net realizable value.
However, materials and other items held
for use in the production of inventories
are not written down below cost if the
finished products in which they will be
incorporated are expected to be sold at
or above cost. Cost is determined on a
moving weighted average basis.
Work-in-progress and
finished goods Lower of cost and net realizable value.
Cost includes direct materials and labour
and a proportion of manufacturing overheads
based on normal operating capacity. Cost is
determined on standard cost basis.
Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary
course of business, less estimated costs of completion and estimated
costs necessary to make the sale.
(l) Revenue Recognition
Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the
economic Benefits will fow to the Company and the revenue can be
reliably measured.
Sale of Goods
Revenue is recognized when signifcant risks and rewards of ownership of
the goods have passed to the buyer which generally coincides with
dispatch of goods (including sale of remnants) to the customer. The
sales are net of sales return and expected sales return.
Income from Services
Revenues from services are recognized as and when the services are
rendered.
Interest
Revenue is recognized on a time proportion basis taking into account
the amount outstanding and the rate applicable.
Dividends
Revenue is recognized when the shareholders’ right to receive payment
is established by the balance sheet date. Dividend from subsidiaries
is recognized even if same are declared after the balance sheet date
but pertains to period on or before the date of balance sheet as per
the requirement of Schedule VI of the Companies Act, 1956.
(m) Foreign Exchange Translation/Currency Transaction
Initial Recognition
Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting currency,
by applying to the foreign currency amount the exchange rate between
the reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the
transaction.
Conversion
Foreign currency monetary items are reported using the closing rate.
Non-monetary items which are carried in terms of historical cost
denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate
at the date of the transaction.
Exchange Differences
Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on
reporting monetary items of company at rates different from those at
which they were initially recorded during the year, or reported in
previous financial statements, are recognized as income or as expenses
in the year in which they arise except those arising from investments
in non-integral operations.
Exchange differences arising on a monetary item that, in substance,
form part of the company’s net investment in a non-integral foreign
operation is accumulated in a foreign currency translation reserve in
the financial statements until the disposal of the net investment, at
which time they are recognized as income or as expenses.
(n) Retirement and other employee Benefits
(i) Retirement Benefits in the form of Provident Fund and
Superannuation Fund are a defned contribution scheme and the
contributions to the scheme are charged to the Profit and Loss Account
of the year when the contributions to the respective funds are due. The
Superannuation Fund scheme is funded with an insurance company in the
form of a qualifying insurance policy.
(ii) Gratuity liability is defned Benefit obligations and are provided
for on the basis of an actuarial valuation on projected unit credit
method made at the end of the each financial year.
(iii) Short term compensated absences are provided for on based on
estimates. Long term compensated absences are provided for based on
actuarial valuation. The actuarial valuation is done as per projected
unit credit method
(iv) Actuarial gains / losses are immediately taken to the Profit and
loss account and are not deferred.
(o) Income taxes
Tax expense comprises of current and deferred. Current income tax is
measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in
accordance with the Indian Income Tax Act. Deferred income taxes
refects the impact of current year timing differences between taxable
income and accounting income for the year and reversal of timing
differences of earlier years.
Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws
enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date. Deferred
tax assets are recognised only to the extent that there is reasonable
certainty that suffcient future taxable income will be available
against which such deferred tax assets can be realised. In situations
where the company has unabsorbed depreciation or carry forward tax
losses, all deferred tax assets are recognised only if there is virtual
certainty supported by convincing evidence that they can be realised
against future taxable Profits.
At each balance sheet date the Company re-assesses unrecognised
deferred tax assets. It recognises unrecognised deferred tax assets to
the extent that it has become reasonably certain or virtually certain,
as the case may be that suffcient future taxable income will be
available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each balance
sheet date. The company writes- down the carrying amount of a deferred
tax asset to the extent that it is no longer reasonably certain or
virtually certain, as the case may be, that suffcient future taxable
income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be
realised. Any such write-down is reversed to the extent that it becomes
reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that
suffcient future taxable income will be available.
MAT credit is recognised as an asset only when and to the extent there
is convincing evidence that the company will pay normal income tax
during the specifed period. In the year in which the Minimum
Alternative tax (MAT) credit becomes eligible to be recognized as an
asset in accordance with the recommendations contained in Guidance Note
issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, the said
asset is created by way of a credit to the Profit and loss account and
shown as MAT Credit Entitlement. The Company reviews the same at each
balance sheet date and writes down the carrying amount of MAT Credit
Entitlement to the extent there is no longer convincing evidence to the
effect that Company will pay normal Income Tax during the specifed
period.
(p) Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net Profit or
loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders (after
deducting preference dividends and attributable taxes) by the weighted
average number of equity shares outstanding during the period.
For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net
Profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders and
the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period are
adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
(q) Provisions
A provision is recognised when an enterprise has a present obligation
as a result of past event; it is probable that an outfow of resources
will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of which a
reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are not discounted to its
present value and are determined based on best estimate required to
settle the obligation at the balance sheet date. Contingent Liabilities
are not recognized but are disclosed in the Notes. Contingent Assets
are neither recognized nor disclosed in the financials statements.
(r) Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents in the balance sheet comprise cash at bank
and in hand and short-term investments with an original maturity of
three months or less.
(s) Employee Stock Compensation Cost
Measurement and disclosure of the employee share-based payment plans is
done in accordance with SEBI (Employee Stock Option Scheme and Employee
Stock Purchase Scheme) Guidelines, 1999 and the Guidance Note on
Accounting for Employee Share-based Payments, issued by the Institute
of Chartered Accountants of India. The Company measures compensation
cost relating to employee stock options using the intrinsic value
method. Compensation expense is amortized over the vesting period of
the option on a straight line basis.
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