1.1 Basis of Preparation
The financial statements have been prepared to comply in all material
respects with the notified Accounting Standards issued by Companies
(Accounting Standard) Rules, 2006 (as amended) and the relevant
provisions of the Companies Act, 1956. The financial statements have
been prepared under the historical cost convention on an accrual basis.
The accounting policies have been consistently applied by the Company
and are consistent with those used in the previous period.
2.2 Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principles (GAAP) requires management to make
estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets
and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities as at the
date of the financial statements and reported amounts of revenue and
expenses during the reporting period. Although these estimates are
based upon managements best knowledge of current events and actions,
actual results could differ from these estimates. Any revision to
accounting estimates is recognized prospectively in current and future
periods.
2.3 Fixed Assets and Intangible Assets
Fixed assets and Intangible assets are stated at cost less accumulated
depreciation/amortization and impairment losses, if any. Cost comprises
the purchase price and any attributable cost of bringing the asset to
its working condition for its intended use. Borrowing costs relating to
acquisition of fixed assets which takes substantial period of time to
get ready for its intended use are also included to the extent they
relate to the period till such assets are ready to be put to use.
2.4 Impairment
The carrying amounts of assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date
if there is any indication of impairment based on internal/external
factors. An impairment loss is recognized wherever the carrying amount
of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is
the greater of the assets net selling price and value in use. In
assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted
to their present value at the weighted average cost of capital.
After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying
amount of the assets over its remaining useful life. A previously
recognised impairment loss is increased or reversed depending on
changes in circumstances. However the carrying value after reversal is
not increased beyond the carrying value that would have prevailed by
charging usual depreciation if there was no impairment.
2.5 Depreciation
Depreciation is provided as per useful lives of assets estimated by the
management, or at the rates prescribed under Schedule XIV of the
Companies Act, 1956 which ever is higher. Depreciation on vehicles is
provided under the written down value method, while other assets are
depreciated under the straight line method.
2.6 Leases
Finance leases, which effectively transfer to the Company substantially
all the risks and benefits incidental to ownership of the leased item,
are capitalized at the lower of the fair value and present value of the
minimum lease payments at the inception of the lease term and disclosed
as leased assets. Lease payments are apportioned between the finance
charges and reduction of the lease liability based on the implicit rate
of return. Finance charges are charged directly against income. Lease
management fees, legal charges and other initial direct costs are
capitalised.
Leases where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks
and benefits of ownership of the leased term, are classified as
operating leases. Operating lease payments are recognized as an expense
in the Profit and Loss account on a straight-line basis over the lease
term.
2.7 Inventories
Inventories are valued as follows:
Raw materials, components, stores and spares (including materials in
transit)
Lower of cost and net realizable value. However, materials and other
items held for use in the production of inventories are not written
down below cost if the finished products in which they will be
incorporated are expected to be sold at or above cost. Cost is
determined on a weighted average basis.
Work-in-progress, semi finished goods and finished goods
Lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost includes direct materials
and labour and a proportion of manufacturing overheads based on normal
operating capacity. Cost of finished goods includes excise duty. Cost
is determined on a weighted average basis.
Traded goods (including materials in transit)
Lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost is determined on a
weighted average basis.
Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary
course of business, less estimated costs of completion (as appropriate)
and estimated costs necessary to make the sale.
2.8 Revenue Recognition
Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the
economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be
reliably measured.
Revenue from sale of goods is recognised when the significant risks and
rewards of ownership of the goods have passed to the buyer, which
normally coincides with the dispatch of goods from the
factory/warehouse of the Company. Excise Duty, Sales Tax & VAT -
deducted from turnover (gross) are the amount that is included in the
amount of turnover (gross) and not the entire amount of liability
arised during the year
Revenue from service contracts are recognised, when the rendering of
services under a contract is completed or substantially complete.
Interest income is recognized on a time proportion basis taking into
account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable. Duty drawback
benefit is recognised on an accrual basis based on an estimate of the
benefit receivable. Commission Income is accounted on accrual basis as
per the terms of the contract with the customers.
2.9 Foreign Currency Translation
(i) Initial Recognition
Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting currency,
by applying to the foreign currency amount the exchange rate between
the reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the
transaction.
(ii) Conversion
Foreign currency monetary items are reported using the closing rate.
Non-monetary items which are carried in terms of historical cost
denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate
at the date of the transaction and non-monetary items which are carried
at fair value or other similar valuation denominated in a foreign
currency are reported using the exchange rates that existed when the
values were determined.
(iii) Exchange Differences
Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on
reporting companys monetary items at rates different from those at
which they were initially recorded during the year, or reported in
previous financial statements, are recognised as income or as expenses
in the year in which they arise.
2.10 Retirement and other Employee Benefits
Retirement benefits in the form of Provident Fund and Superannuation
Scheme are defined contribution schemes and the contributions are
charged to the Profit and Loss Account of the year when the
contributions to the respective funds are due. There are no other
obligations other than the contribution payable under the respective
schemes.
Gratuity liability is a defined benefit obligation and is provided for
based on an actuarial valuation on projected unit credit method
determined at the balance sheet date.
Long term compensated absences are provided for based on actuarial
valuation at the year end. The actuarial valuation is done as per
projected unit credit method. Short term compensated absences are
provided for on a full liability basis as at the balance sheet date for
the unavailed balance of leave.
Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to the profit and loss
account and not deferred.
2.11 Income Taxes
Tax expense comprises of current and deferred tax. Current income tax
is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in
accordance with the Income Tax Act, 1961. Deferred income taxes
reflects the impact of current year timing differences between taxable
income and accounting income for the year and reversal of timing
differences of earlier years.
Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws
enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date. Deferred
tax assets are recognised only to the extent that there is reasonable
certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available
against which such deferred tax assets can be realised. In situations
where the company has unabsorbed depreciation or carry forward tax
losses, all deferred tax assets are recognised only if there is virtual
certainty supported by convincing evidence that they can be realised
against future taxable profits.
At each balance sheet date the Company re-assesses unrecognised
deferred tax assets. It recognizes deferred tax assets to the extent
that it has become reasonably certain that sufficient future taxable
income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be
realised. The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at
each balance sheet date. The Company writes-down the carrying amount of
a deferred tax asset to the extent that it is no longer reasonably
certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient
future taxable income will be available against which deferred tax
asset can be realised. Any such write-down is reversed to the extent
that it becomes reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case
may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available.
2.12 Segment Reporting Policies
Identification of segments :
The Companys operating businesses are organized and managed separately
according to the nature of products and services provided, with each
segment representing a strategic business unit that offers different
products and serves different markets. The analysis of geographical
segments is based on the location in which the customers are situated.
Allocation of common costs :
Common allocable costs are allocated to each segment according to the
relative contribution of each segment to the total common costs.
Unallocated items :
Includes general corporate income and expense items which are not
allocated to any business segment which are not allocated to any
business segment.
Segment Policies:
The company prepares its segment information in conformity with the
accounting policies adopted for preparing and presenting the financial
statements of the company as a whole.
2.13 Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or
loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted
average number of equity shares outstanding during the period.
For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net
profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders and
the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period are
adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
2.14 Provisions
A provision is recognised when an enterprise has a present obligation
as a result of past event; it is probable that an outflow of resources
will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of which a
reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are not discounted to its
present value and are determined based on best estimate required to
settle the obligation at the balance sheet date. These are reviewed at
each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best
estimates.
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